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Increased expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Cumulative
evidence
has
demonstrated
that
carbonic
anhydrase
IX
(
CAIX
)
is
upregulated
in
many
types
of
human
cancers
.
We
attempted
to
evaluate
plasma
levels
of
CAIX
in
patients
with
oral
cancer
and
investigated
whether
plasma
CAIX
is
correlated
with
the
progression
of
this
disease
.
In
total
,
191
patients
with
oral
cancer
,
30
patients
with
oral
submucous
fibrosis
and
100
controls
were
recruited
in
this
study
.
The
plasma
samples
were
collected
and
the
levels
of
soluble
CAIX
in
plasma
were
determined
by
the
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(
ELISA
)
.
Furthermore
,
the
normal
buccal
mucosa
fibroblast
was
challenged
by
arecoline
,
the
major
areca
nut
alkaloid
,
to
assess
the
relationship
between
the
levels
of
CAIX
and
areca
nut
chewing
in
oral
cancer
patients
.
Results
showed
that
patients
with
oral
cancer
exhibited
significantly
higher
levels
of
soluble
CAIX
compared
to
controls
(
p
<
0
.
001
)
.
Plasma
levels
of
CAIX
in
oral
cancer
patients
were
associated
with
clinical
stages
after
adjusting
for
age
and
areca
nut
chewing
(
p
<
0
.
05
)
.
In
addition
,
patients
with
areca
nuts
chewing
had
higher
CAIX
levels
than
those
who
have
not
chewed
areca
nuts
.
Total
carbonic
anhydrase
activity
and
CAIX
mRNA
levels
were
significantly
higher
in
oral
submucous
fibrosis
fibroblasts
than
in
normal
buccal
mucosa
fibroblasts
.
Moreover
,
arecoline
elevated
CAIX
expression
in
a
dose-dependent
manner
in
normal
buccal
mucosa
fibroblasts
.
Our
results
suggest
that
determining
plasma
levels
of
CAIX
may
be
used
as
a
non-invasive
method
for
monitoring
oral
cancer
progression
and
the
involvement
of
areca
quid
chewing
in
oral
carcinogenesis
may
be
related
to
a
higher
expression
of
CAIX
.