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A case study of locked-in-syndrome: psychological and personal perspectives.
[locked-in syndrome]
Although
patients
with
Locked-
In-
Syndrome
(
LIS
)
are
often
stated
to
have
normal
cognitive
functioning
,
the
few
reports
of
neuropsychological
assessment
in
these
cases
suggest
this
is
not
always
true
.
This
paper
(
a
)
reviews
published
reports
of
neuropsychological
assessments
of
LIS
patients
,
(
b
)
presents
a
detailed
neuropsychological
assessment
of
a
patient
to
determine
if
she
has
normal
cognitive
functioning
and
(
c
)
presents
the
views
of
the
patient
on
what
has
happened
to
her
.
An
in
-depth
single
case
report
assessing
the
cognitive
and
emotional
functioning
of
a
young
woman
with
LIS
plus
a
personal
account
from
the
patient
.
Detailed
assessments
were
carried
out
using
standardized
neuropsychological
tests
and
questionnaires
measuring
emotional
functioning
,
pain
and
quality-of-life
.
The
patient
also
states
her
views
of
what
happened
and
how
she
feels
.
On
most
tests
,
cognitive
functioning
was
average
or
above
,
but
some
impairments
were
found
(
consistent
with
published
literature
)
.
No
emotional
problems
were
detected
.
Quality
of
life
was
satisfactory
.
Pain
perception
was
normal
.
Although
LIS
patients
have
no
severe
cognitive
deficits
,
some
cognitive
difficulties
are
common
.
Despite
severe
physical
and
communication
problems
and
some
mild
cognitive
deficits
on
visual
reasoning
tasks
,
this
patient
feels
she
has
a
reasonable
quality-of-life
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"pain"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
adrenomyeloneuropathy
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
cystinuria
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentin dysplasia
dracunculiasis
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
holt-oram syndrome
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
malignant atrophic papulosis
neuralgic amyotrophy
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
phenylketonuria
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
scrub typhus
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
trochlear dysplasia
typhoid
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated