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Poliomyelitis: the role of the military in the final campaign.
[dracunculiasis]
Poliomyelitis
remains
a
disease
of
significance
to
military
medicine
.
The
medical
branches
of
the
military
of
many
nations
have
much
to
contribute
in
the
final
4
years
of
the
campaign
to
eradicate
poliomyelitis
from
the
world
.
The
service
requirements
of
immunization
remain
a
logistic
charge
on
the
defense
health
services
of
all
nations
.
Risks
to
unimmunized
troops
remain
current
in
the
poliomyelitis
endemic
regions
of
Europe
,
Asia
,
and
Africa
;
and
recent
epidemics
in
India
,
West
Africa
,
and
Albania
have
involved
military
personnel
in
containment
programs
.
The
20
th
century
has
seen
global
attempts
to
eradicate
seven
diseases--hookworm
,
yellow
fever
,
yaws
,
malaria
,
smallpox
,
dracunculiasis
,
and
poliomyelitis
.
The
first
four
of
these
were
total
failures
,
in
spite
of
huge
military
logistic
resources
,
especially
in
the
case
of
yellow
fever
and
malaria
.
But
the
global
eradication
of
smallpox
,
achieved
in
1979
,
led
to
the
World
Health
Organization
's
Declaration
of
a
Smallpox-
Free
World
in
1980
.
Its
success
ranks
as
one
of
the
greatest
achievements
in
the
history
of
medicine
.
Lessons
learned
and
encouragement
derived
from
that
program
led
to
the
institution
of
the
Poliomyelitis
Global
Eradication
Program
in
1988
.
Following
the
Declaration
of
a
Polio-
Free
America
,
the
target
date
for
the
Declaration
of
a
Poliomyelitis
-
Free
World
has
been
set
for
2004
.
Regional
surveillance
programs
use
the
quality-control
portal
of
acute
flaccid
paralysis
to
monitor
every
potential
clinical
case
of
acute
poliomyelitis
.
In
the
Western
Pacific
region
,
a
region
of
22
countries
with
a
recent
history
of
significant
operational
deployments
,
15
countries
had
experienced
endemic
poliomyelitis
before
1990
.
In
this
region
,
the
last
case
of
poliomyelitis
(
in
Cambodia
)
was
reported
in
March
1997
.
Such
audit
,
together
with
massive
point
vaccination
programs
,
many
using
massive
military
support
,
conducted
since
1997
hold
realistic
promise
that
the
world
may
be
declared
poliomyelitis
-free
by
2004
.
Poliomyelitis
will
be
more
difficult
to
eradicate
than
smallpox
;
and
the
current
world
campaign
will
succeed
only
with
the
logistic
and
professional
input
of
the
military
of
many
nations
.
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"involved military personnel in containment programs"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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