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Differentiating Dracunculus medinensis from D. insignis, by the sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene.
[dracunculiasis]
This
study
,
undertaken
as
a
component
of
the
global
Dracunculiasis
Eradication
Program
(
DEP
)
,
was
designed
to
provide
molecular
tools
to
distinguish
Dracunculus
medinensis
,
the
nematode
causing
human
dracunculiasis
,
from
other
tissue-dwelling
nematodes
,
including
other
Dracunculus
species
that
infect
humans
and
other
animals
.
DNA
was
extracted
from
D
.
medinensis
and
from
a
closely
related
species
that
infects
North
American
carnivores
,
D
.
insignis
,
so
that
the
genes
coding
for
the
small
-subunit
ribosomal
RNA
(
18
S
rRNA
)
of
the
parasites
could
be
amplified
,
sequenced
and
compared
.
Sequences
were
obtained
for
20
specimens
of
D
.
medinensis
(
from
humans
in
Pakistan
,
Yemen
and
six
African
countries
endemic
for
dracunculiasis
)
and
three
of
D
.
insignis
(
from
raccoons
trapped
in
the
state
of
Georgia
in
the
southern
U
.
S
.
A
.
)
.
All
of
the
D
.
medinensis
18
S-
rRNA
sequences
were
found
to
be
1819
bases
long
and
identical
.
The
three
D
.
insignis
18
S-
rRNA
sequences
were
also
found
to
be
identical
to
each
other
but
were
1821
bases
long
and
differed
from
the
D
.
medinensis
18
S-
rRNA
sequence
at
eight
positions
(
representing
a
difference
of
0
.
44
%
)
.
The
18
S-
rRNA
coding
region
of
a
Guinea
worm
extracted
from
a
dog
in
Ghana
was
indistinguishable
from
that
of
the
D
.
medinensis
isolates
from
human
cases
.
These
results
provide
the
basis
for
the
molecular
differentiation
of
D
.
medinensis
that
will
permit
the
DEP
to
determine
,
rapidly
and
accurately
,
whether
a
worm
recovered
from
an
area
considered
dracunculiasis
-free
is
a
specimen
of
D
.
medinensis
or
not
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"closely related species"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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