Clinical and echocardiographic features of children with rheumatic heart disease and their serum cytokine profile.

[acute rheumatic fever]

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF ) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD ) constitute important public health problems in developing countries . Children with ARF and RHD seen at Children 's Hospital -Sudan from May 2008 -2009 were examined clinically and by echocardiography . Blood cytokines (interleukin 10 (IL 10 ), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - alpha ) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma ) were done . Thirty six children were enrolled ; 63 % had established RHD , and 37 % ARF . Mitral regurgitation (MR ) was the most common lesion (94 %).Ninety five percent of the valve lesions were severe . The serum interleukin IL 10 level ranged between 3 -6 pg /ml . TNF alpha levels were 9 - 100 pg /ml in 12 patients (40 %), 101 -1000 pg /ml in 10 patients (33 %), more than 1000 in 8 patients (26 %). The level of IFN gamma ranged between 2 -7 pg /m in all patients except 2 (84 and 135 pg /ml ). RHD is manifested with severe valvular lesions and a high TNF alpha indicating and ongoing inflammation .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "heart disease" symptom

22q11.2 deletion syndrome

achondroplasia

acute rheumatic fever

adrenal incidentaloma

child syndrome

classical phenylketonuria

cohen syndrome

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

dentinogenesis imperfecta

esophageal adenocarcinoma

fabry disease

familial mediterranean fever

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

hirschsprung disease

holt-oram syndrome

homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria

kabuki syndrome

monosomy 21

omenn syndrome

phenylketonuria

sneddon syndrome

systemic capillary leak syndrome

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

wolf-hirschhorn syndrome

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