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The prognostic relevance of tumor hypoxia markers in resected carcinoma of the gallbladder.
[carcinoma of the gallbladder]
Intratumoral
hypoxia
has
been
suggested
to
drive
more
aggressive
tumor
behavior
.
Our
aim
was
to
define
whether
markers
of
tumor
hypoxia
are
predictors
of
outcome
in
patients
with
gallbladder
carcinoma
.
From
1996
to
2006
,
34
patients
underwent
resection
for
gallbladder
carcinoma
.
The
median
follow-up
was
12
.
6
months
.
Immunohistochemical
stains
for
VEGF
,
HIF
1
α
,
GLUT
1
,
GLUT
3
,
CA
9
and
EGFR
were
performed
on
archival
tissue
.
Immunohistochemical
results
were
correlated
with
clinical
and
histopathological
parameters
.
Cumulative
overall
survival
(
OS
)
rates
were
estimated
using
the
Kaplan-
Meier
method
.
Multivariable
Cox
regression
models
were
used
to
identify
predictors
of
OS
.
T
he
median
OS
was
11
.
9
(
IQR
:
3
.
4
-
22
.
0
)
months
.
Ubiquitous
VEGF
staining
was
observed
in
all
gallbladder
carcinomas
.
High
(
>
50
%
of
tumor
cells
)
EGFR
expression
was
associated
with
worse
OS
(
p
0
.
03
)
.
CA
9
expression
was
less
prevalent
in
poorly
differentiated
tumors
(
p
0
.
02
)
.
GLUT
3
,
GLUT
1
and
HIF
1
α
expression
were
not
associated
with
survival
,
but
did
correlate
with
the
presence
of
lymph
node
metastasis
(
p
0
.
02
)
,
tumor
differentiation
(
p
0
.
04
)
and
tumor
stage
(
p
0
.
03
)
respectively
.
High
EGFR
expression
,
TNM
stage
and
preoperative
serum
CA
1
9
.
9
were
retained
as
independent
predictors
of
OS
in
multivariable
analysis
.
In
gallbladder
cancer
high
expression
of
EGFR
is
an
independent
predictor
of
survival
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated