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Estradiol in elderly men.
[aromatase deficiency]
The
role
of
estrogens
in
male
physiology
has
become
more
evident
,
as
a
consequence
of
the
discovery
of
human
models
of
estrogen
deficiency
such
as
estrogen
resistance
or
aromatase
deficiency
.
In
males
,
testosterone
is
the
major
source
of
plasma
estradiol
,
the
main
biologically
active
estrogen
,
only
20
%
of
which
is
secreted
by
the
testes
.
Plasma
estrone
,
5
%
of
which
is
converted
to
plasma
estradiol
,
originates
from
tissue
aromatization
of
,
mainly
adrenal
,
androstenedione
.
The
plasma
concentration
of
estradiol
in
males
is
2
-
3
ng
/
dl
and
its
production
rate
in
blood
is
25
-
40
micrograms
/
24
h
;
both
of
these
values
are
significantly
higher
than
in
postmenopausal
women
.
Plasma
levels
of
estradiol
do
not
necessarily
reflect
tissue-level
activity
as
peripherally
formed
estradiol
is
partially
metabolized
in
situ
;
thus
,
not
all
enters
the
general
circulation
,
with
a
fraction
remaining
only
locally
active
.
Of
the
factors
influencing
plasma
estradiol
levels
,
plasma
testosterone
is
a
major
determinant
.
However
,
the
age-associated
decrease
in
testosterone
levels
is
scarcely
reflected
in
plasma
estradiol
levels
,
as
a
result
of
increasing
aromatase
activity
with
age
and
the
age-associated
increase
in
fat
mass
.
Free
and
bioavailable
estradiol
levels
do
decrease
modestly
with
age
as
does
the
ratio
of
free
testosterone
to
free
estradiol
,
the
latter
testifying
to
the
age-associated
increased
aromatization
of
testosterone
.
Estradiol
levels
are
highly
significantly
positively
related
to
body
fat
mass
and
more
specifically
to
subcutaneous
abdominal
fat
,
but
not
to
visceral
(
omental
)
fat
.
Indeed
,
aromatase
activity
in
omental
fat
is
only
one
-
tenth
of
the
activity
in
gluteal
fat
.
Estrogens
in
males
play
an
important
role
in
the
regulation
of
the
gonadotropin
feedback
,
several
brain
functions
,
bone
maturation
,
regulation
of
bone
resorption
and
in
lipid
metabolism
.
Moreover
,
they
affect
skin
metabolism
and
are
an
important
factor
determining
sex
interest
in
man
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"are an important factor determining sex interest in man"
symptom
aromatase deficiency
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