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Small changes, big effects: chromatin goes aging.
[werner syndrome]
Aging
is
a
complex
trait
and
is
influenced
by
multiple
factors
that
are
both
intrinsic
and
extrinsic
to
the
organism
(
Kirkwood
et
al
.
2000
;
Knight
2000
)
.
Efforts
to
understanding
the
mechanisms
that
extend
or
shorten
lifespan
have
been
made
since
the
early
twentieth
century
.
Aging
is
characteristically
associated
with
a
progressive
decline
in
the
overall
fitness
of
the
organism
.
Several
studies
have
provided
valuable
information
about
the
molecular
events
that
accompany
this
process
and
include
accumulation
of
nuclear
and
mitochondrial
mutations
,
shortened
and
dysfunctional
telomeres
,
oxidative
damage
of
protein
/
DNA
,
senescence
and
apoptosis
(
Muller
2009
)
.
Clinical
studies
and
work
on
model
organisms
have
shown
that
there
is
an
increased
susceptibility
to
conditions
such
as
neurological
disorders
,
diabetes
,
cardiovascular
diseases
,
degenerative
syndromes
and
even
cancers
,
with
age
(
Arvanitakis
et
al
.
2006
;
Lee
and
Kim
2006
;
Rodriguez
and
Fraga
2010
)
.