Community-acquired infections associated with increased risk of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinaemia.

[waldenström macroglobulinemia]

Emerging evidence supports the role of immune stimulation in the development of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma /Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia (LPL /WM ). Using the population-based Surveillance , Epidemiology End Results-Medicare database we investigated the exposure to 14 common community-acquired infections and subsequent risk of LPL /WM in 693 LPL /WM cases and 200 000 controls . Respiratory tract infections , bronchitis [odds ratio (OR ) 1 ·56 ], pharyngitis (OR 1 ·43 ), pneumonia (OR 1 ·42 ) and sinusitis (OR 1 ·33 ) and skin infection , herpes zoster (OR 1 ·51 ) were all significantly associated with subsequent increased risk of LPL /WM . For each of these infections , the findings remained significantly elevated following the exclusion of more than 6 years of Medicare claims data prior to LPL /WM diagnosis . Our findings may support a role for infections in the development of LPL /WM or could reflect an underlying immune disturbance that is present several years prior to diagnosis and thereby part of the natural history of disease progression .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "pneumonia" symptom

22q11.2 deletion syndrome

acute rheumatic fever

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

alpha-thalassemia

classical phenylketonuria

cohen syndrome

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

lamellar ichthyosis

legionellosis

liposarcoma

lymphangioleiomyomatosis

monosomy 21

oculocutaneous albinism

omenn syndrome

pleomorphic liposarcoma

primary effusion lymphoma

proteus syndrome

pyomyositis

scrub typhus

severe combined immunodeficiency

triple a syndrome

waldenström macroglobulinemia

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

zellweger syndrome

This symptom has already been validated