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Acid Exposure Induces Multiplication of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi.
[typhoid]
Salmonella
enterica
serovar
Typhi
faces
several
environmental
stresses
while
going
through
the
stomach
(
acidic
pH
)
to
the
small
intestine
(
basic
pH
)
and
intracellularly
in
macrophages
(
acidic
pH
)
in
humans
.
The
acidic
pH
followed
by
alkaline
pH
in
the
small
intestine
might
be
responsible
for
expression
of
certain
stress-induced
genes
,
resulting
in
not
only
better
survival
but
also
induction
of
multiplication
and
invasion
of
the
bacterium
in
the
small
intestine
.
Based
on
this
hypothesis
,
we
developed
a
process
wherein
we
exposed
the
blood
,
urine
,
and
stool
specimens
from
90
acute
typhoid
fever
patients
and
36
chronic
typhoid
carriers
to
acidic
pH
to
see
the
effect
on
isolation
rate
of
S
.
Typhi
.
About
5
g
of
freshly
passed
unpreserved
stool
,
a
centrifuged
deposit
of
15
ml
of
urine
,
and
5
ml
of
blood
clot
were
subjected
to
5
ml
of
Luria-
Bertani
(
LB
)
broth
(
pH
3
.
5
)
for
20
min
,
followed
by
enrichment
in
bile
broth-selenite
F
broth
.
When
the
combined
isolation
from
all
3
specimens
,
i
.
e
.
,
blood
,
urine
,
and
stool
,
after
acid
exposure
was
considered
,
a
total
of
77
.
7
%
of
the
acute
typhoid
patients
were
observed
to
be
positive
for
the
isolation
of
the
S
.
Typhi
serotype
,
compared
to
8
.
8
%
by
the
conventional
method
.
Similarly
,
42
%
(
15
/
36
)
of
chronic
carriers
yielded
positive
for
S
.
Typhi
growth
after
acid
exposure
,
compared
to
5
.
5
%
(
2
/
36
)
by
the
conventional
method
.
It
therefore
can
be
concluded
that
acid
shock
triggers
the
multiplication
of
the
bacteria
,
resulting
in
better
isolation
rates
from
blood
clot
,
stool
,
and
urine
specimens
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"growth after acid exposure"
symptom
typhoid
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