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[Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella Typhi isolates in Guangxi, 1994-2013].
[typhoid]
Through
analyzing
the
typhoid
epidemics
and
to
determine
and
monitor
regional
resistance
characteristics
of
the
shift
of
drug
resistant
profile
on
Salmonella
(
S
.
)
Typhi
,
to
understand
the
related
epidemiological
characteristics
of
typhoid
fever
and
to
provide
evidence
for
the
development
of
strategies
,
in
Guangxi
.
D
ata
of
typhoid
fever
from
surveillance
and
reporting
system
between
1994
to
2013
was
collected
and
statistically
analyzed
epidemiologically
.
The
susceptibility
of
475
S
.
Typhi
isolates
from
patients
on
ten
antibiotics
was
tested
by
broth
micro-dilution
method
and
minimum
inhibition
concentration
was
obtained
and
interpreted
based
on
the
CLSI
standard
.
From
1994
to
2013
,
a
total
of
57
928
cases
of
typhoid
fever
were
reported
in
Guangxi
province
with
an
annual
incidence
of
6
.
29
/
100
000
and
mortality
as
0
.
03
%
.
The
higher
incidence
was
observed
in
the
population
under
20
years
of
age
.
There
was
no
significant
difference
on
incidence
between
male
and
female
,
but
farmers
and
students
were
among
the
hardest
hit
groups
.
More
cases
were
seen
from
the
northern
part
of
the
province
.
Cases
appeared
all
year
round
with
the
peak
from
May
to
October
.
A
total
of
13
major
outbreaks
during
2001
to
2013
were
reported
and
the
main
transmission
route
was
water-borne
.
All
the
strains
were
sensitive
to
third
generation
cephalosporins
cefotaxime
and
fluoroquinolones
norfloxacin
.
The
susceptibility
rates
to
tetracycline
,
chloramphenicol
,
ampicillin
and
gentamicin
was
around
98
%
but
relative
lower
susceptible
rate
to
ciprofloxacin
was
seen
as
89
.
89
%
.
The
lowest
susceptibility
was
found
for
streptomycin
and
sulfamethoxazole
agents
,
with
the
rates
as
67
.
73
%
and
65
.
89
%
,
respectively
.
One
strain
was
found
to
have
been
resistant
to
ciprofloxacin
and
another
47
isolates
with
reduced
susceptibility
to
ciprofloxacin
.
Twenty
eight
isolates
were
found
to
be
resistant
to
multiple
antibiotics
and
one
displayed
ampicillin
,
chloramphenicol
,
streptomycin
,
sulfamethoxazole
tetracycline
and
nalidixic
acid
(
ACSSxT-NAL
)
resistance
profile
.
This
was
the
first
report
in
China
.
Multi-drug
resistant
strains
were
frequently
isolated
from
small
scale
outbreaks
of
typhoid
fever
.
The
incidence
of
typhoid
fever
in
Guangxi
was
still
high
and
some
strains
showed
multi-drug
resistance
and
reduced
susceptibility
to
ciprofloxacin
,
indicating
that
the
surveillance
and
monitor
programs
on
drug
resistance
of
S
.
Typhi
should
be
strengthened
,
to
prevent
large
scale
outbreaks
of
typhoid
fever
in
this
province
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"first report"
symptom
achondroplasia
alexander disease
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cadasil
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child syndrome
cohen syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
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epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
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fabry disease
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focal myositis
harlequin ichthyosis
hirschsprung disease
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holt-oram syndrome
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kindler syndrome
krabbe disease
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
omenn syndrome
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pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
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sneddon syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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