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Scalenus minimus muscle: overestimated or not? An anatomical study.
[thoracic outlet syndrome]
The
wide
range
of
scalenus
minimus
muscle
incidence
reported
in
the
literature
along
with
the
plethora
of
fibromuscular
structures
that
may
appear
in
the
interscalene
triangle
,
having
various
terminologies
,
were
the
reasons
to
conduct
the
present
study
questioning
the
reported
high
incidence
of
this
supernumerary
scalene
muscle
.
Seventy
-
three
Greek
cadavers
were
dissected
and
examined
for
the
presence
of
a
scalenus
minimus
muscle
.
It
was
found
unilaterally
in
three
of
73
(
4
.
11
%
)
cadavers
studied
.
The
literature
review
,
concerning
its
incidence
,
revealed
a
wide
range
between
7
.
8
and
71
.
7
per
cent
,
which
can
not
be
attributed
only
to
racial
variation
.
Thus
,
there
is
a
matter
whether
other
variations
of
the
scalene
muscles
are
considered
as
a
true
scalenus
minimus
muscle
.
Recognition
of
this
muscle
is
important
not
only
for
anatomists
,
but
also
has
clinical
significance
for
the
diagnosis
of
the
thoracic
outlet
syndrome
.
Surgeons
performing
scalenectomy
and
anesthesiologists
during
interscalene
brachial
plexus
block
should
keep
in
mind
the
anatomical
variations
of
this
region
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"wide range"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
alpha-thalassemia
aromatase deficiency
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
carcinoma of the gallbladder
congenital toxoplasmosis
cowden syndrome
cystinuria
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
fabry disease
gm1 gangliosidosis
harlequin ichthyosis
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
legionellosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
oral submucous fibrosis
pendred syndrome
phenylketonuria
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
proteus syndrome
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
systemic capillary leak syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
triple a syndrome
trochlear dysplasia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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