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Scalenus minimus muscle: overestimated or not? An anatomical study.
[thoracic outlet syndrome]
The
wide
range
of
scalenus
minimus
muscle
incidence
reported
in
the
literature
along
with
the
plethora
of
fibromuscular
structures
that
may
appear
in
the
interscalene
triangle
,
having
various
terminologies
,
were
the
reasons
to
conduct
the
present
study
questioning
the
reported
high
incidence
of
this
supernumerary
scalene
muscle
.
Seventy
-
three
Greek
cadavers
were
dissected
and
examined
for
the
presence
of
a
scalenus
minimus
muscle
.
It
was
found
unilaterally
in
three
of
73
(
4
.
11
%
)
cadavers
studied
.
The
literature
review
,
concerning
its
incidence
,
revealed
a
wide
range
between
7
.
8
and
71
.
7
per
cent
,
which
can
not
be
attributed
only
to
racial
variation
.
Thus
,
there
is
a
matter
whether
other
variations
of
the
scalene
muscles
are
considered
as
a
true
scalenus
minimus
muscle
.
Recognition
of
this
muscle
is
important
not
only
for
anatomists
,
but
also
has
clinical
significance
for
the
diagnosis
of
the
thoracic
outlet
syndrome
.
Surgeons
performing
scalenectomy
and
anesthesiologists
during
interscalene
brachial
plexus
block
should
keep
in
mind
the
anatomical
variations
of
this
region
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"plethora"
symptom
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
cushing syndrome
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
This symptom has already been validated