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Brachial plexopathy.
[thoracic outlet syndrome]
Brachial
plexus
injury
can
occur
as
a
result
of
trauma
,
inflammation
or
malignancies
,
and
associated
complications
.
The
current
topic
is
concerned
with
various
forms
of
brachial
plexopathy
,
its
clinical
features
,
pathophysiology
,
imaging
findings
,
and
management
.
Idiopathic
brachial
neuritis
(
IBN
)
,
often
preceded
with
antecedent
events
such
as
infection
,
commonly
present
with
abruptonset
painful
asymmetric
upper
limb
weakness
with
associated
wasting
around
the
shoulder
girdle
and
arm
muscles
.
Idiopathic
hypertrophic
brachial
neuritis
,
a
rare
condition
,
is
usually
painless
to
begin
with
,
unlike
IBN
.
Hereditary
neuralgic
amyotrophy
is
an
autosomal-dominant
disorder
characterized
by
repeated
episodes
of
paralysis
and
sensory
disturbances
in
an
affected
limb
,
which
is
preceded
by
severe
pain
.
While
the
frequency
of
the
episodes
tends
to
decrease
with
age
,
affected
individuals
suffer
from
residual
deficits
.
Neurogenic
thoracic
outlet
syndrome
affects
the
lower
trunk
of
the
brachial
plexus
.
It
is
diagnosed
on
the
basis
of
electrophysiology
and
is
amenable
to
surgical
intervention
.
Cancer
-related
brachial
plexopathy
may
occur
secondary
to
metastatic
infiltration
or
radiation
therapy
.
Traumatic
brachial
plexus
injury
is
commonly
encountered
in
neurology
,
orthopedic
,
and
plastic
surgery
set-ups
.
Trauma
may
be
a
direct
blow
or
traction
or
stretch
injury
.
The
prognosis
depends
on
the
extent
and
site
of
injury
as
well
as
the
surgical
expertise
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"hypertrophic brachial neuritis"
symptom
neuralgic amyotrophy
thoracic outlet syndrome
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