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Quantitative ultrasound characterization of tumor cell death: ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles for radiation enhancement.
[severe combined immunodeficiency]
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
assess
the
efficacy
of
quantitative
ultrasound
imaging
in
characterizing
cancer
cell
death
caused
by
enhanced
radiation
treatments
.
This
investigation
focused
on
developing
this
ultrasound
modality
as
an
imaging-based
non-invasive
method
that
can
be
used
to
monitor
therapeutic
ultrasound
and
radiation
effects
.
High
-frequency
(
25
MHz
)
ultrasound
was
used
to
image
tumor
responses
caused
by
ultrasound-stimulated
microbubbles
in
combination
with
radiation
.
Human
prostate
xenografts
grown
in
severe
combined
immunodeficiency
(
SCID
)
mice
were
treated
using
8
,
80
,
or
1000
µL
/
kg
of
microbubbles
stimulated
with
ultrasound
at
250
,
570
,
or
750
kPa
,
and
exposed
to
0
,
2
,
or
8
Gy
of
radiation
.
Tumors
were
imaged
prior
to
treatment
and
24
hours
after
treatment
.
Spectral
analysis
of
images
acquired
from
treated
tumors
revealed
overall
increases
in
ultrasound
backscatter
intensity
and
the
spectral
intercept
parameter
.
The
increase
in
backscatter
intensity
compared
to
the
control
ranged
from
1
.
9
±
1
.
6
dB
for
the
clinical
imaging
dose
of
microbubbles
(
8
µL
/
kg
,
250
kPa
,
2
Gy
)
to
7
.
0
±
4
.
1
dB
for
the
most
extreme
treatment
condition
(
1000
µL
/
kg
,
750
kPa
,
8
Gy
)
.
In
parallel
,
in
situ
end-labelling
(
ISEL
)
staining
,
ceramide
,
and
cyclophilin
A
staining
demonstrated
increases
in
cell
death
due
to
DNA
fragmentation
,
ceramide-mediated
apoptosis
,
and
release
of
cyclophilin
A
as
a
result
of
cell
membrane
permeabilization
,
respectively
.
Quantitative
ultrasound
results
indicated
changes
that
paralleled
increases
in
cell
death
observed
from
histology
analyses
supporting
its
use
for
non-invasive
monitoring
of
cancer
treatment
outcomes
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated