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Quantitative ultrasound characterization of tumor cell death: ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles for radiation enhancement.
[severe combined immunodeficiency]
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
assess
the
efficacy
of
quantitative
ultrasound
imaging
in
characterizing
cancer
cell
death
caused
by
enhanced
radiation
treatments
.
This
investigation
focused
on
developing
this
ultrasound
modality
as
an
imaging-based
non-invasive
method
that
can
be
used
to
monitor
therapeutic
ultrasound
and
radiation
effects
.
High
-frequency
(
25
MHz
)
ultrasound
was
used
to
image
tumor
responses
caused
by
ultrasound-stimulated
microbubbles
in
combination
with
radiation
.
Human
prostate
xenografts
grown
in
severe
combined
immunodeficiency
(
SCID
)
mice
were
treated
using
8
,
80
,
or
1000
µL
/
kg
of
microbubbles
stimulated
with
ultrasound
at
250
,
570
,
or
750
kPa
,
and
exposed
to
0
,
2
,
or
8
Gy
of
radiation
.
Tumors
were
imaged
prior
to
treatment
and
24
hours
after
treatment
.
Spectral
analysis
of
images
acquired
from
treated
tumors
revealed
overall
increases
in
ultrasound
backscatter
intensity
and
the
spectral
intercept
parameter
.
The
increase
in
backscatter
intensity
compared
to
the
control
ranged
from
1
.
9
±
1
.
6
dB
for
the
clinical
imaging
dose
of
microbubbles
(
8
µL
/
kg
,
250
kPa
,
2
Gy
)
to
7
.
0
±
4
.
1
dB
for
the
most
extreme
treatment
condition
(
1000
µL
/
kg
,
750
kPa
,
8
Gy
)
.
In
parallel
,
in
situ
end-labelling
(
ISEL
)
staining
,
ceramide
,
and
cyclophilin
A
staining
demonstrated
increases
in
cell
death
due
to
DNA
fragmentation
,
ceramide-mediated
apoptosis
,
and
release
of
cyclophilin
A
as
a
result
of
cell
membrane
permeabilization
,
respectively
.
Quantitative
ultrasound
results
indicated
changes
that
paralleled
increases
in
cell
death
observed
from
histology
analyses
supporting
its
use
for
non-invasive
monitoring
of
cancer
treatment
outcomes
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles in combination with radiation"
symptom
severe combined immunodeficiency
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