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Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR4 and heat shock protein 70 genes and susceptibility to scrub typhus.
[scrub typhus]
Scrub
typhus
is
a
highly
prevalent
bacterial
infection
in
India
and
South
Asia
that
is
caused
by
Orientia
tsutsugamushi
.
The
innate
immune
response
to
infections
is
modulated
by
Toll-like
receptors
(
TLRs
)
and
heat
shock
proteins
(
HSPs
)
.
This
study
was
done
to
assess
the
prevalence
and
possible
association
of
TLR
and
HSP
polymorphisms
in
scrub
typhus
.
TLR
4
Asp
299
Gly
,
TLR
4
Thr
399
Ile
,
TLR
2
Arg
753
G
ln
and
HSP
70
-
2
A
1267
G
are
single
-nucleotide
polymorphisms
(
SNPs
)
that
may
modulate
their
activities
,
and
these
SNPs
were
assessed
in
137
scrub
typhus
patients
and
134
controls
by
PCR
restriction
fragment
length
polymorphism
.
We
found
that
the
two
TLR
4
mutations
,
TLR
4
D
299
G
and
TLR
4
T
399
I
,
were
present
in
19
.
5
%
and
22
%
of
the
study
population
,
respectively
,
and
was
in
significant
linkage
disequilibrium
with
a
D
'
of
0
.
8
.
The
TLR
2
mutation
was
found
to
be
rare
,
whereas
the
HSP
A
>
G
mutation
was
very
common
(
77
.
5
%
)
.
Compared
with
the
controls
,
the
prevalence
of
heterozygous
genotype
of
the
TLR
4
D
299
G
SNP
,
but
not
any
of
the
other
SNPs
,
was
significantly
higher
among
scrub
typhus
patients
.
Further
studies
using
a
larger
sample
size
and
more
candidate
genes
may
better
enable
in
determining
the
role
of
these
associations
in
susceptibility
and
severity
of
scrub
typhus
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"innate immune response"
symptom
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
primary effusion lymphoma
scrub typhus
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