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Molecular epidemiology of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers and ticks from domestic rodents in Shandong, northern China.
[scrub typhus]
Scrub
typhus
is
endemic
to
a
13
,
000
,
000
-
km
²
area
of
the
Asia
-
Pacific
region
,
and
causes
an
annual
incidence
of
1
million
people
.
The
mortality
rate
of
scrub
typhus
ranges
from
6
.
1
%
to
25
%
in
Southeast
Asia
.
Natural
infection
of
Orientia
tsutsugamushi
has
been
identified
in
domestic
rodents
in
Shandong
Province
.
However
,
infestation
of
chiggers
and
ticks
on
the
domestic
rodents
and
prevalence
and
genotypes
of
O
.
tsutsugamushi
in
these
Acarina
remain
unclear
.
During
September
2010
to
March
2012
,
3134
chiggers
and
89
ticks
were
collected
from
domestic
rodents
captured
in
three
counties
of
Shandong
Province
.
We
amplified
and
sequenced
the
56
-
kDa
type
-
specific
antigen
gene
of
O
.
tsutsugamushi
from
DNA
samples
of
these
Acarina
and
designated
to
genotype
according
to
sequence
analysis
.
Overall
,
the
infestation
rate
of
chiggers
on
domestic
rodents
was
17
.
0
%
,
and
the
chigger
index
was
5
.
38
.
The
infestation
rate
of
ticks
on
rodents
was
3
.
1
%
.
Natural
infection
of
O
.
tsutsugamushi
was
found
in
Leptotrombidium
taishanicum
,
L
.
linhuaikongense
,
L
.
intermedium
,
L
.
scutellare
,
L
.
palpale
,
and
Ixodes
spp
.
,
the
minimum
positive
rates
of
which
were
5
.
9
%
,
3
.
2
%
,
1
.
2
%
,
0
.
8
%
,
0
.
8
%
,
and
2
.
2
%
,
respectively
.
Kawasaki
-like
genotypes
were
predominant
in
chiggers
and
ticks
on
domestic
rodents
,
which
were
detected
from
L
.
taishanicum
,
L
.
intermedium
,
L
.
scutellare
,
L
.
palpale
,
and
Ixodes
spp
.
Shimokoshi-like
genotype
was
detected
from
L
.
palpale
.
In
the
present
study
we
investigated
the
infestation
of
chiggers
and
ticks
on
domestic
rodents
in
Shandong
Province
,
and
identified
the
prevalence
and
genotypes
of
O
.
tsutsugamushi
in
the
Acarina
.
Infestation
of
vector
chiggers
in
domestic
rodents
,
prevalence
of
O
.
tsutsugamushi
in
infested
chiggers
,
and
high
nucleotide
homologies
among
the
O
.
tsutsugamushi
sequences
from
the
Acarina
,
their
animal
hosts
and
scrub
typhus
patients
,
implied
that
domestic
rodents
may
play
an
important
role
in
the
transmission
of
scrub
typhus
in
Shandong
,
China
.
Further
studies
are
needed
to
verify
the
vector
significance
of
chiggers
and
ticks
that
tested
positive
for
O
.
tsutsugamushi
,
and
to
assess
the
risk
of
human
exposure
to
chiggers
and
ticks
on
domestic
rodents
.
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scrub typhus
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