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Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in dental patients with tobacco smoking, chewing, and mixed habits: A cross-sectional study in South India.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
A
variety
of
oral
mucosal
lesions
and
conditions
are
associated
with
the
habit
of
smoking
and
chewing
tobacco
,
and
many
of
these
carry
a
potential
risk
for
the
development
of
cancer
.
There
have
been
no
studies
that
report
the
prevalence
of
habits
and
associated
oral
changes
in
the
population
in
Dharwad
region
,
of
Karnataka
,
south
India
.
A
hospital-based
,
cross-sectional
study
was
carried
out
at
SDM
Dental
College
(
Dharwad
,
Karnataka
)
.
A
total
of
2400
subjects
(
1200
subjects
with
and
1200
subjects
without
habits
)
attending
the
dental
hospital
were
interviewed
and
examined
by
trained
professionals
to
assess
any
oral
mucosal
changes
.
Oral
mucosal
lesions
were
found
in
322
(
26
.
8
%
)
subjects
who
had
tobacco
smoking
and
chewing
habits
as
compared
to
34
(
2
.
8
%
)
subjects
without
those
habits
.
Oral
leukoplakia
(
8
.
2
%
)
and
oral
submucous
fibrosis
(
OSF
)
(
7
.
1
%
)
were
the
prevalent
oral
mucosal
lesions
found
in
subjects
who
had
those
habits
,
while
the
other
lesions
(
1
.
7
%
)
namely
;
oral
candidiasis
,
median
rhomboid
glossitis
,
recurrent
apthous
ulcer
,
frictional
keratosis
,
and
oral
lichen
planus
(
0
.
9
%
)
were
frequently
reported
among
individuals
without
those
habits
.
The
odds
of
developing
oral
lesions
in
subjects
with
tobacco
habits
was
nearly
11
.
92
times
that
of
abstainers
(
odds
ratio
,
OR
=
11
.
92
,
95
%
confidence
intervals
,
CI
=
10
.
61
-
14
.
59
%
)
.
The
study
showed
that
the
risk
of
the
development
of
oral
lesions
associated
with
tobacco
smoking
,
chewing
,
or
both
is
quite
high
.
Males
who
had
one
or
more
of
these
habits
showed
more
frequent
oral
changes
than
females
.
The
study
reinforces
the
association
of
OSF
with
gutkha
and
areca
nut
chewing
,
and
leukoplakia
,
erythroplakia
,
and
oral
cancer
with
tobacco
smoking
,
chewing
,
or
mixed
habits
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated