Rare Diseases Symptoms Automatic Extraction

Neuroblastoma after childhood: prognostic relevance of segmental chromosome aberrations, ATRX protein status, and immune cell infiltration.

[alpha-thalassemia]

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignancy in children but rarely occurs during adolescence or adulthood. This subgroup is characterized by an indolent disease course, almost uniformly fatal, yet little is known about the biologic characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify differential features regarding DNA copy number alterations, α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) protein expression, and the presence of tumor-associated inflammatory cells. Thirty-one NB patients older than 10 years who were included in the Spanish NB Registry were considered for the current study; seven young and middle-aged adult patients (range 18-60 years) formed part of the cohort. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, immunohistochemistry for immune markers (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD11b, CD11c, and CD68), and ATRX protein expression. Assorted genetic profiles were found with a predominant presence of a segmental chromosome aberration (SCA) profile. Preadolescent and adolescent NB tumors showed a higher number of SCA, including 17q gain and 11q deletion. There was also a marked infiltration of immune cells, mainly high and heterogeneous, in young and middle-aged adult tumors. ATRX negative expression was present in the tumors. The characteristics of preadolescent, adolescent, young adult, and middle-aged adult NB tumors are different, not only from childhood NB tumors but also from each other. Similar examinations of a larger number of such tumor tissues from cooperative groups should lead to a better older age-dependent tumor pattern and to innovative, individual risk-adapted therapeutic approaches for these patients.

Diseases presenting "mental retardation" symptom

  • achondroplasia
  • alexander disease
  • alpha-thalassemia
  • aniridia
  • aromatase deficiency
  • canavan disease
  • classical phenylketonuria
  • coats disease
  • cohen syndrome
  • cowden syndrome
  • cystinuria
  • dentin dysplasia
  • familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
  • homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
  • hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
  • kabuki syndrome
  • kallmann syndrome
  • lamellar ichthyosis
  • lymphangioleiomyomatosis
  • monosomy 21
  • phenylketonuria
  • primary hyperoxaluria type 1
  • proteus syndrome
  • pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
  • sneddon syndrome
  • triple a syndrome
  • wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
  • zellweger syndrome

This symptom has already been validated