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Evaluation of myofibroblasts by expression of alpha smooth muscle actin: a marker in fibrosis, dysplasia and carcinoma.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
Evaluation
of
Myofibroblasts
by
studying
expression
of
Alpha
smooth
muscle
actin
:
A
marker
of
Fibrosis
,
Dysplasia
and
Carcinoma
.
Myofibroblasts
are
cells
that
have
contractile
properties
and
are
involved
in
inflammation
,
wound
healing
,
fibrosis
and
oncogenesis
in
most
of
the
organs
and
tissues
.
They
are
involved
in
healing
and
granulation
tissue
formation
which
occur
after
tissue
injuries
,
also
produce
inflammatory
mediators
,
growth
factors
and
help
in
extracellular
matrix
reorganization
by
secretion
of
proteins
like
collagen
,
fibronectin
,
etc
.
Because
of
their
component
,
Alpha
smooth
muscle
actin
(
[
alpha
]
-
SMA
)
,
they
are
involved
in
the
contraction
of
extracellular
matrix
and
aid
in
tissue
contraction
.
The
myofibroblasts
disappear
by
apoptosis
after
completion
of
repair
,
but
their
persistence
causes
a
dysfunction
in
the
repair
mechanism
,
leading
to
excessive
contraction
and
extracellular
matrix
(
ECM
)
secretion
and
thus
,
fibrosis
.
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
the
presence
of
myofibroblasts
in
cases
of
Oral
Submucous
fibrosis
(
OSMF
)
,
which
consisted
of
very
early
,
early
and
moderately
advanced
OSMF
,
OSMF
with
dysplasia
and
oral
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(
OSCC
)
,
by
detecting
(
alpha
)
-
SMA
,
which
is
a
specific
marker
for
myofibroblasts
.
The
study
sample
consisted
of
three
groups
which
comprised
of
41
cases
of
OSMF
,
10
cases
of
OSMF
with
dysplasia
and
11
cases
of
OSCC
.
All
the
cases
were
subjected
to
immunohistochemistry
by
using
(
alpha
)
-
SMA
antibody
for
detection
of
myofibroblasts
.
The
presence
of
myofibroblasts
was
significantly
higher
in
oral
squamous
cell
carcinomas
as
compared
to
that
in
OSMF
with
dysplasia
and
OSMF
.
A
statistical
significance
was
also
noted
between
the
staining
index
and
age
of
the
individuals
and
the
staining
index
and
duration
of
the
habit
.
Myofibroblasts
play
a
role
in
fibrosis
,
as
was
seen
in
OSMF
.
Activated
myofibroblasts
secrete
proteolytic
enzymes
and
cause
matrix
degradation
,
which
is
instrumental
in
cancer
cell
invasion
and
metastasis
.
Further
studies
in
which
the
myofibroblasts
are
targetted
,
may
help
in
providing
therapeutic
regimens
in
fibrosis
,
dysplasia
and
cancer
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated
