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Betel nut chewing and its deleterious effects on oral cavity.
[oral submucous fibrosis]
The
habit
of
chewing
betel
nut
has
a
long
history
of
use
.
Betel
nut
and
products
derived
from
it
are
widely
used
as
a
masticatory
product
among
various
communities
and
in
several
countries
across
the
world
.
Over
a
long
period
,
several
additives
have
been
added
to
a
simple
betel
nut
preparation
;
thus
,
creating
the
betel
quid
(
BQ
)
and
encompassing
chewing
tobacco
in
the
preparation
.
Betel
nut
has
deleterious
effects
on
oral
soft
tissues
.
Its
effects
on
dental
caries
and
periodontal
diseases
,
two
major
oral
diseases
are
less
well-documented
.
Betel-induced
lichenoid
lesions
mainly
on
buccal
mucosa
have
been
reported
at
quid
retained
sites
.
In
chronic
chewers
,
a
condition
called
betel
chewers
mucosa
is
often
found
where
the
quid
is
placed
.
Betel
nut
chewing
is
implicated
in
oral
submucous
fibrosis
(
OSF
)
and
its
use
along
with
tobacco
can
cause
leukoplakia
,
both
of
which
are
potentially
malignant
in
the
oral
cavity
.
Oral
cancer
often
arises
from
such
precancerous
changes
.
Thus
,
public
health
measures
to
quit
betel
use
are
recommended
to
control
disabling
conditions
such
as
OSF
and
oral
cancer
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated