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Retinal cone photoreceptors of the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus: development, topography, opsin expression and spectral tuning.
[oculocutaneous albinism]
A
quantitative
analysis
of
photoreceptor
properties
was
performed
in
the
retina
of
the
nocturnal
deer
mouse
,
Peromyscus
maniculatus
,
using
pigmented
(
wildtype
)
and
albino
animals
.
The
aim
was
to
establish
whether
the
deer
mouse
is
a
more
suitable
model
species
than
the
house
mouse
for
photoreceptor
studies
,
and
whether
oculocutaneous
albinism
affects
its
photoreceptor
properties
.
In
retinal
flatmounts
,
cone
photoreceptors
were
identified
by
opsin
immunostaining
,
and
their
numbers
,
spectral
types
,
and
distributions
across
the
retina
were
determined
.
Rod
photoreceptors
were
counted
using
differential
interference
contrast
microscopy
.
Pigmented
P
.
maniculatus
have
a
rod-dominated
retina
with
rod
densities
of
about
450
.
000
/
mm
(
2
)
and
cone
densities
of
3000
-
6500
/
mm
(
2
)
.
Two
cone
opsins
,
shortwave
sensitive
(
S
)
and
middle
-
to
-longwave
sensitive
(
M
)
,
are
present
and
expressed
in
distinct
cone
types
.
Partial
sequencing
of
the
S
opsin
gene
strongly
supports
UV
sensitivity
of
the
S
cone
visual
pigment
.
The
S
cones
constitute
a
5
-
15
%
minority
of
the
cones
.
Different
from
house
mouse
,
S
and
M
cone
distributions
do
not
have
dorsoventral
gradients
,
and
coexpression
of
both
opsins
in
single
cones
is
exceptional
(
<
2
%
of
the
cones
)
.
In
albino
P
.
maniculatus
,
rod
densities
are
reduced
by
approximately
40
%
(
270
.
000
/
mm
(
2
)
)
.
Overall
,
cone
density
and
the
density
of
cones
exclusively
expressing
S
opsin
are
not
significantly
different
from
pigmented
P
.
maniculatus
.
However
,
in
albino
retinas
S
opsin
is
coexpressed
with
M
opsin
in
60
-
90
%
of
the
cones
and
therefore
the
population
of
cones
expressing
only
M
opsin
is
significantly
reduced
to
5
-
25
%
.
In
conclusion
,
deer
mouse
cone
properties
largely
conform
to
the
general
mammalian
pattern
,
hence
the
deer
mouse
may
be
better
suited
than
the
house
mouse
for
the
study
of
certain
basic
cone
properties
,
including
the
effects
of
albinism
on
cone
opsin
expression
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"single cones"
symptom
oculocutaneous albinism
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