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Oculocutaneous albinism and consanguineous marriage among Spanish Gitanos or Calé--a study of 83 cases.
[oculocutaneous albinism]
This
paper
studies
83
cases
of
oculocutaneous
albinism
(
OCA
)
in
family
networks
of
Gitanos
in
southeastern
Spain
,
and
analyzes
their
sustained
inbreeding
patterns
and
complex
genealogical
relationships
.
It
is
based
in
the
family
and
genealogy
reconstitution
of
the
Gitano
population
of
22
contiguous
localities
using
ethnographic
and
historical
demography
methods
.
The
study
found
a
prevalence
of
OCA
among
Gitanos
in
the
area
of
about
1
:
1
,
200
.
Most
of
the
cases
belong
to
three
extended
kin
networks
in
which
consanguineous
marriages
have
been
common
for
generations
.
In
these
networks
there
are
other
cases
of
visual
and
auditive
congenital
anomalies
,
and
other
birth
defects
such
as
brachydactily
,
polydactily
,
neurological
defects
,
Potter
Sequence
,
etc
.
In
61
OCA
cases
it
was
possible
to
trace
inbreeding
links
with
a
depth
of
three
to
nine
generations
.
For
these
cases
the
estimated
alpha
(
average
of
the
inbreeding
coefficient
,
F
)
is
0
.
0222
.
Relationships
between
the
parents
of
people
affected
are
of
three
types
:
close
,
as
between
first
or
second
cousins
;
distant
,
as
between
third
or
fourth
cousins
,
and
non-existent
,
as
in
mixed
marriages
.
In
most
cases
,
however
,
persons
with
albinism
are
linked
by
multiple
consanguineous
links
.
Albinism
seems
to
be
a
visible
example
of
a
high
prevalence
of
birth
defects
in
this
minority
,
associated
with
founder
effects
,
sustained
inbreeding
and
high
fertility
rates
.
These
conditions
derive
from
Gitano
's
marriage
preferences
and
pronatalist
strategies
.
In
turn
,
these
strategies
have
to
be
related
to
the
exclusion
,
persecution
and
segregation
that
Spanish
Gypsies
have
suffered
for
centuries
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"complex genealogical relationships"
symptom
oculocutaneous albinism
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