Oculocutaneous Albinism in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adverse Sun-Associated Health Effects and Photoprotection.

[oculocutaneous albinism]

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA ) is a genetically inherited autosomal recessive condition . Individuals with OCA lack melanin and therefore are susceptible to the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation , including extreme sun sensitivity , photophobia and skin cancer . OCA is a grave public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa with a prevalence as high as 1 in 1000 in some tribes . This article considers the characteristics and prevalence of OCA in sub-Saharan African countries . Sun -induced adverse health effects in the skin and eyes of OCA individuals are reviewed . Sun exposure behavior and the use of photoprotection for the skin and eyes are discussed to highlight the major challenges experienced by these at -risk individuals and how these might be best resolved .