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Two different manifestations of locked-in syndrome.
[locked-in syndrome]
Locked-
in
syndrome
(
LIS
)
is
an
entity
that
usually
occur
a
consequence
of
the
lesion
of
ventral
part
of
pons
.
Etiology
of
locked-
in
syndrome
can
be
vascular
and
nonvascular
origin
.
Locked-
in
syndrome
usually
occurs
as
a
consequence
of
thrombosis
of
intermedial
segment
of
basilar
artery
that
induces
bilateral
infarction
of
the
ventrobasal
part
of
the
pons
.
Additionally
,
LIS
can
be
caused
by
trauma
which
often
leads
to
posttraumatic
thrombosis
of
basilar
artery
.
The
incidence
of
locked-
in
syndrome
is
still
unknown
.
The
basic
clinical
features
of
locked-
in
syndrome
are
:
quadriplegia
(
a
consequence
of
disruption
of
corticospinal
pathways
located
in
ventral
part
of
pons
)
,
different
stages
of
paralysis
of
mimic
musculature
,
paralysis
of
pharynx
,
tongue
and
palate
with
mutism
and
anarthria
.
The
patient
can
not
move
,
but
is
conscious
and
can
communicate
only
by
eye
movements
.
Two
patients
with
locked-
in
syndrome
were
present
in
this
article
.
In
the
first
case
,
the
patient
had
classic
locked-
in
syndrome
that
was
first
described
by
Plum
and
Posner
.
Other
patient
had
incomplete
form
of
locket-
in
syndrome
which
was
first
described
by
Bauer
.
In
these
two
patients
locked-
in
syndrome
occurred
as
a
consequence
of
trauma
.
In
the
first
patient
locked-
in
syndrome
was
caused
by
direct
contusion
of
ventral
part
of
pons
while
in
other
patient
locked-
in
syndrome
was
a
consequence
of
posttraumatic
thrombosis
of
vertebrobasilar
artery
.
The
introduction
of
anticoagulant
therapy
,
besides
the
other
measures
of
intensive
therapy
,
has
shown
complete
justification
in
the
second
patient
.
The
gradual
partial
recovery
of
neurologic
deficit
has
developed
in
the
second
patient
without
any
additional
complications
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"first case"
symptom
achondroplasia
adrenal incidentaloma
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
alpha-thalassemia
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
cholangiocarcinoma
classical phenylketonuria
coats disease
cohen syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentin dysplasia
dracunculiasis
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
gm1 gangliosidosis
harlequin ichthyosis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
krabbe disease
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
monosomy 21
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
omenn syndrome
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
systemic capillary leak syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
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