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Dictyostelium host response to legionella infection: strategies and assays.
[legionellosis]
The
professional
phagocyte
Dictyostelium
discoideum
is
a
simple
eukaryotic
microorganism
,
whose
natural
habitat
is
deciduous
forest
soil
and
decaying
leaves
,
where
the
amoebae
feed
on
bacteria
and
grow
as
separate
,
independent
,
single
cells
.
In
the
last
decade
,
the
organism
has
been
successfully
used
as
a
host
for
several
human
pathogens
,
including
Legionella
pneumophila
,
Mycobacterium
avium
and
Mycobacterium
marinum
,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
,
Cryptococcus
neoformans
,
and
Salmonella
typhimurium
.
To
dissect
the
complex
cross-talk
between
host
and
pathogen
Dictyostelium
offers
easy
cultivation
,
a
high
quality
genome
sequence
and
excellent
molecular
genetic
and
biochemical
tools
.
Dictyostelium
cells
are
also
extremely
suitable
for
cell
biological
studies
,
which
in
combination
with
in
vivo
expression
of
fluorescence-tagged
proteins
allow
investigating
the
dynamics
of
bacterial
uptake
and
infection
.
Inactivation
of
genes
by
homologous
recombination
as
well
as
gene
rescue
and
overexpression
are
well
established
and
a
large
mutant
collection
is
available
at
the
Dictyostelium
stock
center
,
favoring
identification
of
host
resistance
or
susceptibility
genes
.
Here
,
we
briefly
introduce
the
organism
,
address
the
value
of
Dictyostelium
as
model
host
,
describe
strategies
to
identify
host
cell
factors
important
for
infection
followed
by
protocols
for
cell
culture
and
storage
,
uptake
and
infection
,
and
confocal
microscopy
of
infected
cells
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"whose natural habitat is deciduous forest soil and decaying leaves"
symptom
legionellosis
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