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Genetic Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Isolated from a Common Watershed in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain.
[legionellosis]
Legionella
pneumophila
infects
humans
to
produce
legionellosis
and
Pontiac
fever
only
from
environmental
sources
.
In
order
to
establish
control
measures
and
study
the
sources
of
outbreaks
it
is
essential
to
know
extent
and
distribution
of
strain
variants
of
this
bacterium
in
the
environment
.
Sporadic
and
outbreak-related
cases
of
legionellosis
have
been
historically
frequent
in
the
Comunidad
Valenciana
region
(
CV
,
Spain
)
,
with
a
high
prevalence
in
its
Southeastern
-most
part
(
BV
)
.
Environmental
investigations
for
the
detection
of
Legionella
pneumophila
are
performed
in
this
area
routinely
.
We
present
a
population
genetics
study
of
87
L
.
pneumophila
strains
isolated
in
13
different
localities
of
the
BV
area
irrigated
from
the
same
watershed
and
compare
them
to
a
dataset
of
46
strains
isolated
in
different
points
of
the
whole
CV
.
Our
goal
was
to
compare
environmental
genetic
variation
at
two
different
geographic
scales
,
at
county
and
regional
levels
.
Genetic
diversity
,
recombination
and
population
structure
were
analyzed
with
Sequence-
Based
Typing
data
and
three
intergenic
regions
.
The
results
obtained
reveal
a
low
,
but
detectable
,
level
of
genetic
differentiation
between
both
datasets
,
mainly
,
but
not
only
,
attributed
to
the
occurrence
of
unusual
variants
of
the
neuA
locus
present
in
the
BV
populations
.
This
differentiation
is
still
detectable
when
the
10
loci
considered
are
analyzed
independently
,
despite
the
relatively
high
incidence
of
the
most
common
genetic
variant
in
this
species
,
sequence
type
1
(
ST-
1
)
.
However
,
when
the
genetic
data
are
considered
without
their
associated
geographic
information
,
four
major
groups
could
be
inferred
at
the
genetic
level
which
did
not
show
any
correlation
with
sampling
locations
.
The
overall
results
indicate
that
the
population
structure
of
these
environmental
samples
results
from
the
joint
action
of
a
global
,
widespread
ST-
1
along
with
genetic
differentiation
at
shorter
geographic
distances
,
which
in
this
case
are
related
to
the
common
watershed
for
the
BV
localities
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"pontiac fever only from environmental sources"
symptom
legionellosis
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