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Cytotoxic glucosyltransferases of Legionella pneumophila.
[legionellosis]
Legionella
is
a
gram-negative
bacterium
and
the
causative
pathogen
of
legionellosis
-a
severe
pneumonia
in
humans
.
A
large
number
of
Legionella
effectors
interfere
with
numerous
host
cell
functions
,
including
intracellular
vacuole
trafficking
and
maturation
,
phospholipid
metabolism
,
protein
ubiquitination
,
pro-
/
anti-apoptotic
balances
or
inflammatory
responses
.
Moreover
,
eukaryotic
protein
synthesis
is
affected
by
L
.
pneumophila
glucosyltransferases
Lgt
1
,
Lgt
2
,
and
Lgt
3
.
Structurally
,
these
enzymes
are
similar
to
large
clostridial
cytotoxins
,
use
UDP-glucose
as
a
co
-substrate
and
modify
a
conserved
serine
residue
(
Ser-
53
)
in
elongation
factor
1
A
(
eEF
1
A
)
.
The
ternary
complex
consisting
of
eEF
1
A
,
GTP
,
and
aminoacylated-t
RNA
seems
to
be
the
substrate
for
Lgts
.
Studies
with
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
corroborated
that
eEF
1
A
is
the
major
target
responsible
for
Lgt-induced
cytotoxic
activity
.
In
addition
to
Lgt
proteins
,
Legionella
produces
other
effector
glycosyltransferase
,
including
the
modularly
composed
protein
SetA
,
which
displays
tropism
for
early
endosomal
compartments
,
subverts
host
cell
vesicle
trafficking
and
demonstrates
toxic
activities
toward
yeast
and
mammalian
cells
.
Here
,
our
current
knowledge
about
both
groups
of
L
.
pneumophila
glycosylating
effectors
is
reviewed
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"large number"
symptom
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
coats disease
cowden syndrome
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dracunculiasis
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
kindler syndrome
legionellosis
malignant atrophic papulosis
neuralgic amyotrophy
phenylketonuria
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
triple a syndrome
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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