Rare Diseases Symptoms Automatic Extraction

Dual transgenic reporter mice as a tool for monitoring expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein.

[alexander disease]

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, and its expression changes dramatically during development and following injury. To facilitate study of the regulation of GFAP expression, we have generated dual transgenic mice expressing both firefly luciferase under the control of a 2.2 kb human GFAP promoter and Renilla luciferase under the control of a 0.5 kb human Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) promoter for normalization of the GFAP signal. The GFAP-fLuc was highly expressed in brain compared to other tissues, and was limited to astrocytes, whereas the GAPDH-RLuc was more widely expressed. Normalization of the GFAP signal to the GAPDH signal reduced the inter-individual variability compared to using the GFAP signal alone. The GFAP/GAPDH ratio correctly reflected the up-regulation of GFAP that occurs following retinal degeneration in FVB/N mice because of the rd mutation. Following kainic acid-induced seizures, changes in the GFAP/GAPDH ratio precede those in total GFAP protein. In knock-in mice expressing the R236H Alexander disease mutant, GFAP promoter activity is only transiently elevated and may not entirely account for the accumulation of GFAP protein that takes place.

Diseases presenting "seizures" symptom

  • alexander disease
  • alpha-thalassemia
  • cadasil
  • canavan disease
  • child syndrome
  • classical phenylketonuria
  • coats disease
  • cohen syndrome
  • cowden syndrome
  • erdheim-chester disease
  • familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
  • familial mediterranean fever
  • gm1 gangliosidosis
  • hirschsprung disease
  • homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
  • kabuki syndrome
  • kallmann syndrome
  • krabbe disease
  • lamellar ichthyosis
  • legionellosis
  • locked-in syndrome
  • lymphangioleiomyomatosis
  • malignant atrophic papulosis
  • monosomy 21
  • neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
  • oligodontia
  • phenylketonuria
  • proteus syndrome
  • pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
  • scrub typhus
  • sneddon syndrome
  • wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
  • x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
  • zellweger syndrome

This symptom has already been validated