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[Intervention to reduce the difficulty in kanji copying related to the visuo-spatial dysfunction in patients with Williams syndrome].
[kabuki syndrome]
Williams
syndrome
(
WS
)
is
known
for
its
uneven
cognitive
abilities
.
Visuo-spatial
cognition
is
more
disturbed
,
whereas
cognition
of
colors
or
shapes
of
objects
is
relatively
preserved
.
This
tendency
is
attributed
to
the
greater
deficits
of
functions
in
the
dorsalpathway
compared
to
those
in
the
ventral
pathway
in
the
visual
system
.
When
patients
with
WS
are
asked
to
copy
two
dimensional
figures
,
they
often
show
difficulty
in
locating
components
of
the
figures
to
make
global
shapes
.
Similar
findings
are
observed
in
copying
kanji
,
Japanese
semantic
characters
.
Patients
with
WS
often
can
copy
only
the
components
of
a
kanji
character
but
can
not
locate
the
components
properly
and
fail
to
make
appropriate
global
shapes
of
the
character
even
though
they
can
read
it
.
In
order
to
ameliorate
this
difficulty
,
we
rely
on
the
preserved
cognitive
function
,
that
is
,
the
cognition
of
colors
.
Four
participants
with
WS
,
who
have
difficulty
copying
two
dimensional
figures
,
joined
the
study
.
A
kanji
written
on
a
square
which
is
divided
into
four
sections
was
used
as
a
copy
model
.
Each
divided
part
of
the
square
was
colored
red
,
green
,
yellow
and
blue
,
respectively
.
A
similarly
colored
square
was
given
to
copy
the
kanji
.
This
method
was
successful
and
made
it
easier
for
the
participants
with
WS
to
copy
a
given
kanji
as
it
became
easier
to
realize
where
to
locate
each
component
.
Intervention
using
similar
squares
without
colors
or
only
with
gray
scaled
back
ground
did
not
work
.
In
addition
,
kanji
with
differently
colored
components
was
also
presented
to
one
of
the
participants
as
a
model
but
it
was
not
copied
successfully
.
The
similar
difficulty
in
copying
two
dimensional
objects
and
kanji
was
observed
in
a
patient
with
Kabuki
syndrome
and
the
same
interventional
method
with
colored
squares
was
effective
for
copying
kanji
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"that is"
symptom
kabuki syndrome
kindler syndrome
oral submucous fibrosis
trochlear dysplasia
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