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Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in California Hispanics: influence of nativity and tumor Epstein-Barr virus.
[hodgkin lymphoma, classical]
For
classical
Hodgkin
lymphoma
(
HL
)
,
migrant
studies
could
elucidate
contributions
of
environmental
factors
(
including
Epstein-
Barr
virus
(
EBV
)
)
to
the
lower
rates
in
non-whites
.
Given
the
well-described
etiologic
complexity
of
HL
,
this
research
requires
a
large
,
immigrant
population
,
such
as
California
Hispanics
.
With
1988
-
2004
California
Cancer
Registry
data
(
2
,
595
Hispanic
,
8
,
637
white
HL
cases
)
and
tumor
cell
EBV
status
on
a
subset
(
218
Hispanics
,
656
whites
)
,
we
calculated
ethnicity-
and
nativity-
specific
HL
incidence
rates
simultaneously
by
age
,
sex
,
and
histologic
subtype
,
and
tumor
cell
EBV
prevalence
.
Compared
with
white
rates
,
Hispanic
HL
rates
were
lower
overall
(
70
%
)
and
for
nodular
sclerosis
HL
,
particularly
among
young
adults
(
60
-
65
%
for
females
)
.
However
,
they
were
higher
among
children
(
200
%
)
and
older
adults
,
and
for
mixed
cellularity
HL
.
Compared
with
rates
in
foreign-born
Hispanics
,
rates
in
US
-born
Hispanics
were
higher
among
young
adults
(
>
threefold
in
females
)
,
lower
for
children
and
adults
over
age
70
,
and
consistently
intermediate
compared
with
rates
in
whites
.
EBV
tumor
prevalence
was
67
,
32
,
and
23
%
among
foreign-born
Hispanics
,
US
-born
Hispanics
,
and
whites
,
respectively
,
although
with
variation
by
age
,
sex
,
and
histology
.
Findings
strongly
implicate
environmental
influences
,
such
as
nativity-related
sociodemographic
differences
,
on
HL
occurrence
.
In
addition
,
lower
young
adult
rates
and
higher
EBV
prevalence
in
US
-born
Hispanics
than
in
whites
raise
questions
about
the
duration
/
extent
of
environmental
change
for
affecting
HL
rates
and
also
point
to
ethnic
differences
in
genetic
susceptibility
.
Lesser
variation
in
mixed
cellularity
HL
rates
and
greater
variation
in
rates
for
females
across
groups
suggest
less
modifiable
factors
interacting
with
environmental
influences
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"hodgkin lymphoma"
symptom
esophageal adenocarcinoma
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
monosomy 21
primary effusion lymphoma
severe combined immunodeficiency
systemic capillary leak syndrome
waldenström macroglobulinemia
This symptom has already been validated