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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor: a new player for the enteric nervous system.
[hirschsprung disease]
The
enteric
nervous
system
(
ENS
)
controls
and
modulates
gut
motility
and
responds
to
food
intake
and
to
internal
and
external
stimuli
such
as
toxins
or
inflammation
.
Its
plasticity
is
maintained
throughout
life
by
neural
progenitor
cells
within
the
enteric
stem
cell
niche
.
Granulocyte-colony
stimulating
factor
(
G-CSF
)
is
known
to
act
not
only
on
cells
of
the
immune
system
but
also
on
neurons
and
neural
progenitors
in
the
central
nervous
system
(
CNS
)
.
Here
,
we
demonstrate
,
for
the
first
time
,
that
G-CSF
receptor
is
present
on
enteric
neurons
and
progenitors
and
that
G-CSF
plays
a
role
in
the
expansion
and
differentiation
of
enteric
neural
progenitor
cells
.
Cultured
mouse
ENS-neurospheres
show
increased
expansion
with
increased
G-CSF
concentrations
,
in
contrast
to
CNS-derived
spheres
.
In
cultures
from
differentiated
ENS-
and
CNS-neurospheres
,
neurite
outgrowth
density
is
enhanced
depending
on
the
amount
of
G-CSF
in
the
culture
.
G-CSF
might
be
an
important
factor
in
the
regeneration
and
differentiation
of
the
ENS
and
might
be
a
useful
tool
for
the
investigation
and
treatment
of
ENS
disorders
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"first time"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alpha-thalassemia
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
classical phenylketonuria
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital toxoplasmosis
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentin dysplasia
dentinogenesis imperfecta
dracunculiasis
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
harlequin ichthyosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
holt-oram syndrome
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
malignant atrophic papulosis
megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
omenn syndrome
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
phenylketonuria
primary effusion lymphoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
triple a syndrome
trochlear dysplasia
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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