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Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of ultra low molecular weight heparins.
[heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]
Heparin
,
one
of
the
common
anticoagulants
,
is
clinically
used
to
prevent
and
treat
venous
thromboembolism
(
VTE
)
.
Though
it
has
been
the
drug
of
choice
for
many
advanced
medical
and
surgical
procedures
with
a
long
history
,
the
adverse
events
,
such
as
bleeding
,
heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia
(
HIT
)
,
allergic
reactions
,
follow
.
Therefore
,
low
molecular
weight
heparins
(
LMWHs
)
and
ultra
low
molecular
weight
heparins
(
ULMWHs
)
,
with
lower
molecular
weights
,
higher
anti-
FXa
activity
,
longer
half
-life
times
and
lower
incidence
of
adverse
events
than
unfractionated
heparin
(
UFH
)
,
were
researched
and
developed
.
Fondaparinux
,
a
chemically
synthesized
ULMWH
of
pentasaccharide
,
has
the
same
antithrombin
III
(
AT-
III
)
-
binding
sequence
as
found
in
UFH
and
LMWH
.
In
addition
,
AVE
5026
and
RO-
14
,
another
two
ULMWHs
,
are
obtained
by
selective
chemical
depolymerization
.
In
this
paper
,
we
review
the
preparation
process
,
pharmacological
effects
and
clinical
applications
of
fondaparinux
,
AVE
5026
and
RO-
14
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"the adverse events"
symptom
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
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