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Expression of klotho and β-catenin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and their clinicopathological and prognostic significance.
[esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]
Esophageal
carcinoma
is
one
of
the
most
common
types
of
cancers
in
the
world
;
the
molecular
mechanism
underlying
its
tumorigenesis
is
still
not
well
understood
.
This
study
was
aimed
at
investigating
the
expression
of
klotho
and
β-catenin
in
patients
with
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(
ESCC
)
and
analyzing
their
association
with
clinicopathological
variables
and
their
effects
on
prognosis
.
The
expression
patterns
of
klotho
and
β-catenin
were
determined
by
tissue
microarray
and
immunohistochemical
technique
in
ESCC
and
normal
tissues
,
and
their
correlations
with
clinicopathological
characteristics
were
investigated
using
univariate
and
multivariate
analysis
.
The
serum
klotho
levels
in
40
ESCC
patients
and
controls
were
measured
by
sandwich
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
system
(
ELISA
)
.
The
expression
level
of
klotho
was
significantly
lower
in
ESCC
than
in
the
adjacent
noncancerous
tissues
(
30
vs
.
50
%
,
P
<
0
.
000
)
,
and
the
protein
level
was
negative
correlated
with
clinical
staging
,
histological
grade
,
lymph
node
metastasis
,
and
invasion
depth
(
P
<
0
.
05
)
.
Whereas
,
the
expression
of
β-catenin
was
much
higher
in
ESCC
than
their
corresponding
normal
mucosa
tissues
(
78
.
3
vs
.
11
.
5
%
,
P
<
0
.
000
)
,
and
the
level
of
protein
correlated
only
with
histological
grade
and
invasion
depth
(
P
<
0
.
05
)
.
Correlation
analysis
showed
the
expression
level
of
klotho
inversely
correlated
with
that
of
β-catenin
(
r
=
-
0
.
214
,
P
<
0
.
01
)
.
Patients
with
klotho
-
positive
tumors
had
longer
survival
than
those
with
klotho
-negative
tumors
(
P
<
0
.
01
)
.
Cox
proportional
hazards
model
analysis
demonstrated
that
positive
expression
of
klotho
was
an
important
factor
indicating
good
prognosis
(
hazard
ratio
,
0
.
371
;
95
%
confidence
interval
,
0
.
201
-
0
.
685
;
P
<
0
.
01
)
.
ELISA
showed
that
the
level
of
serum
klotho
was
markedly
higher
(
461
.
50
±
43
.
30
pg
/
mL
)
than
control
group
(
239
.
37
±
20
.
65
pg
/
mL
)
(
P
<
0
.
001
)
.
Receiver
operating
characteristic
analysis
gave
a
cut-off
value
of
327
.
031
of
serum
klotho
with
a
sensitivity
of
81
.
3
%
and
specificity
of
81
.
2
%
(
P
<
0
.
000
)
.
Our
present
study
demonstrated
for
the
first
time
that
klotho
might
be
a
novel
biomarker
candidate
for
predicting
progression
and
prognosis
in
patients
with
ESCC
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"first time"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alpha-thalassemia
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
classical phenylketonuria
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital toxoplasmosis
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentin dysplasia
dentinogenesis imperfecta
dracunculiasis
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
harlequin ichthyosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
holt-oram syndrome
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
malignant atrophic papulosis
megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
omenn syndrome
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
phenylketonuria
primary effusion lymphoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
triple a syndrome
trochlear dysplasia
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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