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Characteristics of brain metastases from esophageal carcinoma.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Esophageal
carcinoma
(
EC
)
is
a
major
malignancy
with
a
poor
prognosis
.
Although
esophageal
cancers
rarely
metastasize
to
the
brain
,
the
number
of
patients
diagnosed
with
brain
metastases
(
BM
)
from
EC
is
steadily
increasing
.
Therefore
,
the
risk
factors
for
BM
from
EC
should
be
known
.
Here
we
reviewed
our
experiences
and
the
previous
literature
regarding
BM
from
EC
.
Between
2000
and
2013
,
we
retrospectively
reviewed
the
clinical
features
and
neurological
findings
of
19
patients
diagnosed
with
and
treated
for
BM
from
EC
to
determine
the
clinical
risk
factors
and
features
.
In
all
patients
,
the
lesions
were
partially
or
completed
located
in
the
thoracic
esophagus
,
and
the
average
size
of
the
EC
lesion
at
diagnosis
was
5
.
8
±
2
.
9
cm
,
which
was
smaller
than
the
previously
reported
size
of
EC
lesions
accompanied
by
BM
.
Patients
without
lung
metastases
were
more
common
than
those
with
lung
metastases
.
The
lesions
in
the
13
patients
included
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(
SqCC
)
in
9
(
69
.
2
%
)
and
small
cell
carcinoma
(
SmCC
)
in
3
(
23
.
0
%
)
.
Six
patients
were
not
examined
.
Although
there
was
no
trend
toward
a
higher
incidence
of
BM
in
patients
with
adenocarcinoma
and
SqCC
,
this
trend
was
observed
in
patients
with
SmCC
.
Excluding
a
single
patient
with
SmCC
,
all
patients
had
beyond
stage
III
disease
at
EC
diagnosis
.
Our
study
suggests
that
BM
can
occur
in
patients
with
EC
lesions
smaller
than
those
previously
reported
;
moreover
,
SmCC
may
be
a
risk
factor
for
BM
from
EC
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"single patient"
symptom
carcinoma of the gallbladder
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
esophageal carcinoma
fabry disease
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
lamellar ichthyosis
neuralgic amyotrophy
pendred syndrome
scrub typhus
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