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Characteristics of brain metastases from esophageal carcinoma.
[esophageal carcinoma]
Esophageal
carcinoma
(
EC
)
is
a
major
malignancy
with
a
poor
prognosis
.
Although
esophageal
cancers
rarely
metastasize
to
the
brain
,
the
number
of
patients
diagnosed
with
brain
metastases
(
BM
)
from
EC
is
steadily
increasing
.
Therefore
,
the
risk
factors
for
BM
from
EC
should
be
known
.
Here
we
reviewed
our
experiences
and
the
previous
literature
regarding
BM
from
EC
.
Between
2000
and
2013
,
we
retrospectively
reviewed
the
clinical
features
and
neurological
findings
of
19
patients
diagnosed
with
and
treated
for
BM
from
EC
to
determine
the
clinical
risk
factors
and
features
.
In
all
patients
,
the
lesions
were
partially
or
completed
located
in
the
thoracic
esophagus
,
and
the
average
size
of
the
EC
lesion
at
diagnosis
was
5
.
8
±
2
.
9
cm
,
which
was
smaller
than
the
previously
reported
size
of
EC
lesions
accompanied
by
BM
.
Patients
without
lung
metastases
were
more
common
than
those
with
lung
metastases
.
The
lesions
in
the
13
patients
included
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(
SqCC
)
in
9
(
69
.
2
%
)
and
small
cell
carcinoma
(
SmCC
)
in
3
(
23
.
0
%
)
.
Six
patients
were
not
examined
.
Although
there
was
no
trend
toward
a
higher
incidence
of
BM
in
patients
with
adenocarcinoma
and
SqCC
,
this
trend
was
observed
in
patients
with
SmCC
.
Excluding
a
single
patient
with
SmCC
,
all
patients
had
beyond
stage
III
disease
at
EC
diagnosis
.
Our
study
suggests
that
BM
can
occur
in
patients
with
EC
lesions
smaller
than
those
previously
reported
;
moreover
,
SmCC
may
be
a
risk
factor
for
BM
from
EC
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"esophageal cancers"
symptom
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
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