High GPX1 expression promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion, migration, proliferation and cisplatin-resistance but can be reduced by vitamin D.

[esophageal carcinoma]

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide . Despite recent progress in the development of novel therapies , esophageal carcinoma remains an aggressive cancer associated with a poor prognosis . The glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX 1 ) gene located on chromosome 3 p 21 .3 is associated with the cancer of several organs . According to available information , GPX 1 , a gene downstream of NF-κB , is considered to exert adverse effects on tumour progression and enhance malignancy in some cancers but has not been reported in esophageal cancer . It is also reported that vitamin D (Vit . D ), a widely used drug in the clinical setting , could suppress GPX 1 expression through the NF-κB pathway . Thus , it is speculated that Vit . D could reduce malignancy in esophageal cancer by altering the NF-κB pathway . In this study , we confirmed our speculation by finding that Vit . D , through the inhibition of GPX 1 , decreased the migratory , invasive and proliferative capabilities , as well as cisplatin resistance , in esophageal cancer cells . Furthermore , when invasion and migration were reduced in the GPX 1 -inhibited cells , the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA ) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP 2 ) was also suppressed correspondingly . Therefore , we believe that , in esophageal cancer cells , the expression of GPX 1 can promote invasion , migration , proliferation and cisplatin resistance , and Vit . D can reduce the associated malignancy through the NF-κB pathway . The Vit . D- and NF-κB-mediated decrease in GPX 1 expression resulted in a decrease in MMP 2 - and uPA-mediated invasion and migration .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "cancer" symptom

achondroplasia

acute rheumatic fever

adrenal incidentaloma

alpha-thalassemia

benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis

cadasil

canavan disease

carcinoma of the gallbladder

cholangiocarcinoma

coats disease

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

cowden syndrome

cushing syndrome

cutaneous mastocytosis

dedifferentiated liposarcoma

dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

erdheim-chester disease

erythropoietic protoporphyria

esophageal adenocarcinoma

esophageal carcinoma

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

familial mediterranean fever

gm1 gangliosidosis

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis

hirschsprung disease

hodgkin lymphoma, classical

inclusion body myositis

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

kabuki syndrome

kallmann syndrome

kindler syndrome

lamellar ichthyosis

liposarcoma

locked-in syndrome

lymphangioleiomyomatosis

monosomy 21

neuralgic amyotrophy

oculocutaneous albinism

oligodontia

oral submucous fibrosis

papillon-lefèvre syndrome

pendred syndrome

pleomorphic liposarcoma

primary effusion lymphoma

proteus syndrome

pyomyositis

pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

severe combined immunodeficiency

sneddon syndrome

systemic capillary leak syndrome

triple a syndrome

von hippel-lindau disease

waldenström macroglobulinemia

well-differentiated liposarcoma

werner syndrome

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

wolf-hirschhorn syndrome

x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

This symptom has already been validated