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Unclassified cardiomyopathies in neuromuscular disorders.
[dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa]
Unclassified
cardiomyopathies
(
CMPs
)
include
left
ventricular
hypertrabeculation
or
noncompaction
(
LVHT
)
and
Takotsubo
syndrome
(
TTS
)
.
Unclassified
CMPs
are
frequently
associated
with
noncardiac
disease
,
including
neuromuscular
disorders
(
NMDs
)
.
This
review
aims
at
summarizing
and
discussing
recent
findings
concerning
the
association
of
NMDs
with
unclassified
CMPs
.
Literature
search
using
the
database
PubMed
from
1966
to
June
2013
was
performed
.
LVHT
has
been
described
in
association
with
dystrophinopathies
,
myotonic
dystrophies
,
zaspopathies
,
laminopathies
,
dystrobrevinopathies
,
oculopharyngeal
muscular
dystrophy
,
tropomyosin-
1
mutations
,
multiminicore
disease
,
Danon
disease
,
mitochondrial
disorders
,
myoadenylate
deaminase
deficiency
,
Pompe
's
disease
,
glycogen
storage
disease-
IV
,
fatty
acid
oxidation
disorder
,
Barth
syndrome
,
ryanodine
receptor
mutation
,
inclusion
body
myopathy
,
dystrophic
epidermolysis
bullosa
,
Charcot-
Marie
-
Tooth
neuropathy
,
hereditary
cobolamine
deficiency
,
beta-thalassemia
,
poliomyelitis
,
and
Friedreich
ataxia
.
Takotsubo
syndrome
has
been
described
in
association
with
myasthenia
gravis
,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
,
Guillain-
Barre
syndrome
,
rhabdomyolysis
,
mitochondrial
disorder
,
hypokalemia
-related
myopathy
,
syndrome
malin
,
hereditary
sensorimotor
neuropathy
,
Beals
syndrome
,
polymyalgia
rheumatica
,
and
unclassified
myopathy
.
It
is
important
for
treating
physicians
to
know
about
these
associations
because
treatment
and
outcome
of
LVHT
,
including
artificial
ventilation
,
are
determined
by
the
presence
or
absence
of
an
NMD
.
There
are
also
indications
that
LVHT
in
NMDs
favors
the
development
of
TTS
.
LVHT
and
TTS
may
be
associated
with
NMDs
.
The
pathogenetic
link
between
unclassified
CMPs
and
NMDs
remains
elusive
.
Outcome
of
LVHT
and
treatment
of
TTS
are
additionally
determined
by
the
presence
or
absence
of
an
NMD
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa"
symptom
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
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