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The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran.
[dracunculiasis]
Over
the
last
few
decades
there
have
been
several
marked
changes
in
the
human
helminthiases
found
in
Iran
.
Fascioliasis
is
emerging
as
an
important
chronic
disease
of
humans
,
especially
in
the
northern
province
of
Gilan
(
where
outbreaks
in
1989
and
1999
involved
>
7000
and
>
10
,
000
cases
,
respectively
)
and
,
more
recently
,
in
the
western
province
of
Kermanshah
.
In
contrast
,
no
cases
of
urinary
schistosomiasis
,
a
disease
that
once
affected
thousands
of
individuals
in
south-
western
Khuzestan
province
,
have
been
reported
in
Iran
in
recent
years
,
and
no
cases
of
dracunculiasis
have
been
seen
in
the
country
since
the
mid-
1970
s
.
Approximately
1
%
of
all
admissions
to
surgical
wards
are
attributable
to
cystic
echinococcosis
,
which
is
still
considered
endemic
,
but
only
a
few
cases
of
alveolar
echinococcosis
have
been
recorded
.
Over
the
last
decade
,
there
appears
to
have
been
a
generally
downward
trend
in
the
incidence
of
intestinal
helminthiases
in
Iran
.
Recent
estimates
of
the
prevalences
of
ascariasis
and
strongyloidiasis
,
for
example
,
lie
between
just
0
.
1
%
and
0
.
3
%
,
and
<
1
%
of
the
population
now
appears
to
be
infected
with
hookworm
.
In
contrast
,
human
infection
with
Hymenolepis
and
Enterobius
remains
relatively
common
.
There
have
been
a
few
case
reports
of
toxocariasis
and
a
few
sero-epidemiological
investigations
of
this
disease
but
problems
in
accurate
diagnosis
have
prevented
good
estimates
of
the
general
prevalence
of
this
nematode
infection
.
Just
nine
cases
of
pentastomiasis
(
all
caused
by
Linguatula
)
,
12
of
dirofilariasis
,
one
of
gongylonemiasis
,
and
three
of
moniliformiasis
have
been
formally
recorded
in
Iran
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"last few decades"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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