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Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: challenges for basic science research and clinical management.
[dentinogenesis imperfecta]
Abnormalities
of
enamel
and
dentine
are
caused
by
a
variety
of
interacting
factors
ranging
from
genetic
defects
to
environmental
insults
.
The
genetic
changes
associated
with
some
types
of
enamel
and
dentine
defects
have
been
mapped
,
and
many
environmental
influences
,
including
medical
illnesses
that
can
damage
enamel
and
dentine
have
been
identified
.
Developmental
enamel
defects
may
present
as
enamel
hypoplasia
or
hypomineralization
while
dentine
defects
frequently
demonstrate
aberrant
calcifications
and
abnormalities
of
the
dentine-pulp
complex
.
Clinically
,
developmental
enamel
defects
often
present
with
problems
of
discolouration
and
aesthetics
,
tooth
sensitivity
,
and
susceptibility
to
caries
,
wear
and
erosion
.
In
contrast
,
dentine
defects
are
a
risk
for
endodontic
complications
resulting
from
dentine
hypomineralization
and
pulpal
abnormalities
.
The
main
goals
of
managing
developmental
abnormalities
of
enamel
and
dentine
are
early
diagnosis
and
improvement
of
appearance
and
function
by
preserving
the
dentition
and
preventing
complications
.
However
,
despite
major
advances
in
scientific
knowledge
regarding
the
causes
of
enamel
and
dentine
defects
,
further
research
is
required
in
order
to
translate
the
knowledge
gained
in
the
basic
sciences
research
to
accurate
clinical
diagnosis
and
successful
treatment
of
the
defects
.
