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Results of medical treatment and metabolic risk factors in children with urolithiasis.
[cystinuria]
Data
on
conservative
treatment
in
children
with
urolithiasis
are
limited
.
The
aim
of
the
study
was
to
determine
the
metabolic
etiology
and
results
of
conservative
treatment
in
children
with
urolithiasis
.
We
evaluated
the
clinical
presentation
and
metabolic
features
of
112
children
with
urolithiasis
.
The
mean
age
at
diagnosis
of
urolithiasis
was
3
.
9
(
range
0
.
1
-
18
)
years
,
and
follow-up
duration
was
16
.
7
(
range
1
-
36
)
months
.
The
most
common
presenting
symptoms
were
flank
or
abdominal
pain
and
restlessness
(
25
%
)
.
Urine
analysis
revealed
metabolic
abnormalities
in
92
%
of
cases
,
including
hypocitraturia
(
42
%
)
,
hyperoxaluria
(
32
.
1
%
)
,
hypercalcuria
(
25
%
)
,
hyperuricosuria
(
9
.
8
%
)
,
and
cystinuria
(
2
.
7
%
)
.
Patients
who
had
metabolic
risk
factors
were
treated
according
to
underlying
metabolic
abnormalities
.
About
half
of
these
patients
were
stone
free
or
stones
were
diminished
in
size
.
These
results
showed
that
early
recognition
and
treatment
of
urinary
metabolic
abnormalities
will
reduce
the
number
of
invasive
procedures
and
renal
damage
in
children
with
urolithiasis
.