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Nephrolithiasis in pediatric patients: metabolic and anatomical investigation.
[cystinuria]
Metabolic
disorders
are
frequently
observed
in
pediatric
patients
with
renal
lithiasis
.
Study
the
metabolic
and
anatomical
alterations
and
perform
the
chemical
analysis
of
stones
found
in
children
with
nephrolithiasis
in
our
region
.
A
retrospective
study
on
158
children
with
evidence
of
recent
renal
stone
formation
was
performed
.
One
hundred
and
nine
children
concluded
the
metabolic
study
.
Laboratory
investigation
consisted
in
two
samples
of
24
-
hour
urine
for
calcium
,
uric
acid
,
citrate
,
oxalate
,
sodium
and
creatinine
;
qualitative
cystinuria
,
urinary
pH
following
12
-
hour
fasting
and
water
restriction
,
urine
culture
and
chemical
analysis
when
the
stones
were
available
.
Renal
imaging
techniques
included
,
at
least
,
renal
ultrasound
and
excretory
urogram
.
A
cause
for
nephrolithiasis
was
identified
in
96
.
3
%
of
children
.
The
main
metabolic
alteration
was
hypercalciuria
(
73
.
4
%
)
.
Chemical
analysis
of
stones
showed
calcium
oxalate
in
90
.
9
%
of
the
cases
.
Anatomical
alterations
were
found
in
18
.
0
%
of
the
investigated
cases
and
the
most
frequently
found
alteration
was
pyelo-
ureteral
duplication
(
28
.
6
%
)
.
Hypercalciuria
was
the
most
frequently
found
disorder
and
pyelo-
ureteral
duplication
was
the
most
common
anatomical
alteration
;
moreover
,
calcium
oxalate
was
the
most
frequent
chemical
constituent
.
The
present
study
showed
the
characteristics
of
pediatric
patients
with
nephrolithiasis
in
our
region
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"renal imaging techniques"
symptom
cystinuria
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