Rare Diseases Symptoms Automatic Extraction
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Chronic kidney disease in kidney stone formers.
[cystinuria]
Recent
population
studies
have
found
symptomatic
kidney
stone
formers
to
be
at
increased
risk
for
chronic
kidney
disease
(
CKD
)
.
Although
kidney
stones
are
not
commonly
identified
as
the
primary
cause
of
ESRD
,
they
still
may
be
important
contributing
factors
.
Paradoxically
,
CKD
can
be
protective
against
forming
kidney
stones
because
of
the
substantial
reduction
in
urine
calcium
excretion
.
Among
stone
formers
,
those
with
rare
hereditary
diseases
(
cystinuria
,
primary
hyperoxaluria
,
Dent
disease
,
and
2
,
8
dihydroxyadenine
stones
)
,
recurrent
urinary
tract
infections
,
struvite
stones
,
hypertension
,
and
diabetes
seem
to
be
at
highest
risk
for
CKD
.
The
primary
mechanism
for
CKD
from
kidney
stones
is
usually
attributed
to
an
obstructive
uropathy
or
pyelonephritis
,
but
crystal
plugs
at
the
ducts
of
Bellini
and
parenchymal
injury
from
shockwave
lithotripsy
may
also
contribute
.
The
historical
shift
to
less
invasive
surgical
management
of
kidney
stones
has
likely
had
a
beneficial
impact
on
the
risk
for
CKD
.
Among
potential
kidney
donors
,
past
symptomatic
kidney
stones
but
not
radiographic
stones
found
on
computed
tomography
scans
were
associated
with
albuminuria
.
Kidney
stones
detected
by
ultrasound
screening
have
also
been
associated
with
CKD
in
the
general
population
.
Further
studies
that
better
classify
CKD
,
better
characterize
stone
formers
,
more
thoroughly
address
potential
confounding
by
comorbidities
,
and
have
active
instead
of
passive
follow-up
to
avoid
detection
bias
are
needed
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"but crystal plugs at the ducts of bellini and parenchymal injury from shockwave lithotripsy may also contribute"
symptom
cystinuria
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