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Pediatric urolithiasis: an experience of a single center.
[cystinuria]
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
the
clinical
features
and
metabolic
and
anatomic
risk
factors
of
urolithiasis
in
children
.
Between
2004
and
2009
,
a
total
of
84
children
(
35
girls
and
49
boys
)
had
been
treated
because
of
urolithiasis
.
Clinical
presentation
,
urinary
tract
infection
,
calculus
localization
,
family
history
,
presence
of
anatomic
abnormalities
,
and
urinary
metabolic
risk
factors
were
evaluated
,
retrospectively
.
The
children
were
between
6
months
and
16
years
of
age
(
mean
age
,
5
.
25
±
3
.
61
years
)
.
The
calculus
diameter
was
3
.
2
mm
to
31
mm
(
mean
,
7
.
31
±
4
.
64
mm
)
.
In
90
.
6
%
of
the
cases
,
the
calculus
was
located
only
in
the
kidneys
and
in
2
.
4
%
it
was
only
in
the
bladder
.
The
most
common
presentations
were
urinary
tract
infection
,
restlessness
,
and
abdominal
pain
.
A
positive
family
history
of
urinary
calculi
was
detected
in
27
.
3
%
;
urinary
tract
infection
,
in
23
.
8
%
;
and
anatomic
abnormality
,
in
10
.
7
%
of
the
patients
.
Metabolic
evaluation
,
which
was
carried
out
in
78
patients
,
revealed
that
52
.
6
%
of
them
had
a
metabolic
risk
factor
including
normocalcemic
hypercalciuria
(
21
.
7
%
)
,
hyperuricosuria
(
11
.
5
%
)
,
cystinuria
(
3
.
8
%
)
,
and
hyperoxaluria
(
5
.
1
%
)
.
We
think
that
urolithiasis
remains
a
serious
problem
in
children
in
our
country
.
Family
history
of
urolithiasis
,
urologic
abnormalities
,
especially
under
the
age
of
5
years
,
metabolic
disorders
,
and
urinary
tract
infections
tend
to
be
associated
with
childhood
urolithiasis
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"hyperuricosuria"
symptom
cystinuria
This symptom has already been validated