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Clinical characteristics and metabolic abnormalities in preschool-age children with urolithiasis in southeast Anatolia.
[cystinuria]
Data
on
urolithiasis
in
preschool-age
children
are
limited
.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
metabolic
etiology
and
clinical
findings
of
preschool-age
children
with
urolithiasis
.
The
medical
records
of
143
preschool-age
children
(
81
boys
,
62
girls
,
aged
2
-
6
years
)
with
urolithiasis
were
retrospectively
analyzed
.
Results
of
physical
examination
,
serum
biochemistry
,
and
urine
metabolic
evaluation
(
including
urinary
citrate
,
oxalate
,
calcium
,
uric
acid
,
cystine
,
and
magnesium
)
were
recorded
.
The
mean
age
at
diagnosis
was
3
.
7
±
1
.
3
years
.
A
family
history
of
stone
disease
was
found
in
79
.
7
%
of
patients
,
and
37
%
of
parents
had
consanguineous
marriages
.
The
most
common
presenting
symptoms
were
hematuria
(
33
%
)
and
urinary
tract
infection
(
UTI
;
29
%
)
.
Metabolic
abnormalities
were
found
in
119
(
83
.
2
%
)
patients
,
including
hyperuricosuria
in
24
.
5
%
,
hypocitraturia
in
23
.
8
%
,
hyperoxaluria
in
21
.
7
%
,
hypercalciuria
in
21
.
0
%
,
cystinuria
in
7
.
7
%
,
and
hypomagnesuria
in
1
.
4
%
.
Multiple
metabolic
abnormalities
were
found
in
24
(
16
.
8
%
)
patients
.
Results
of
28
stone
analyses
revealed
calcium
oxalate
or
phosphate
,
cystine
,
and
uric
acid
in
15
,
nine
,
and
four
of
the
patients
,
respectively
.
(
99
m
)
Technetium-dimercaptosuccinic
acid
renal
scintigraphy
revealed
that
27
.
8
%
of
the
children
with
UTI
had
renal
parenchymal
scarring
,
with
only
four
of
them
having
vesicoureteral
reflux
.
The
most
frequent
metabolic
abnormalities
in
preschool-age
children
with
urolithiasis
were
hyperuricosuria
and
hypocitraturia
.
A
comprehensive
investigation
of
stone
disease
in
children
presenting
with
hematuria
and
UTI
is
important
to
prevent
the
development
of
renal
parenchymal
scarring
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"calcium oxalate"
symptom
cystinuria
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
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