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[Comparison of Immune Responses Elicited by Adjuvanted Tachyzoite Lysate Vaccines Developed from Two Different Toxoplasma gondii Strains Isolated in Turkey].
[congenital toxoplasmosis]
Toxoplasma
gondii
the
causative
agent
of
toxoplasmosis
is
an
obligate
intracellular
parasite
with
a
wide
host
range
including
all
warm-blooded
animals
and
birds
.
T
.
gondii
infection
causes
congenital
toxoplasmosis
in
newborns
and
this
may
lead
to
fetal
anomalies
,
retinochoroiditis
leading
to
blindness
,
lethal
toxoplasmic
encephalitis
in
immune
compromised
patients
,
and
organ
failure
in
transplantation
patients
.
The
pathogenesis
of
toxoplasmosis
change
due
to
differences
in
the
specific
immune
response
elicited
by
diverse
T
.
gondii
strains
.
The
protective
immunity
against
toxoplasmosis
is
conferred
by
cellular
immune
responses
.
In
the
present
study
,
two
different
strains
isolated
from
Turkey
named
T
.
gondii
Ankara
and
Ege
were
used
to
evaluate
the
types
of
humoral
and
cellular
immune
responses
elicited
by
adjuvanted
tachyzoite
protein
vaccines
in
an
animal
model
.
In
the
study
,
6
-
8
weeks
old
female
BALB
/
c
mice
were
used
and
six
study
groups
(
each
contains
three
mice
)
were
composed
for
vaccination
.
The
first
and
second
groups
were
vaccinated
with
T
.
gondii
Ankara
and
Ege
(
TAnkPE
and
TEgePE
,
respectively
)
tacyhzoite
lysates
,
the
third
and
fourth
groups
were
vaccinated
by
tacyhzoite
lysates
adjuvanted
with
Freund
's
adjuvant
(
TAnkPE-Freund
;
TEgePE-Freund
,
respectively
)
.
The
fifth
and
sixth
groups
were
vaccinated
with
PBS
and
Freund
's
adjuvant
as
controls
.
Immunization
of
the
animals
was
performed
two
times
at
three
weeks
intervals
.
The
serum
samples
were
collected
before
vaccination
and
after
each
vaccination
to
determine
the
IgG
response
by
Western
blotting
,
and
IgG
1
and
IgG
2
a
responses
by
ELISA
.
To
determine
the
cellular
immune
response
,
CD
8
/
CD
4
cell
ratio
,
intracellular
IFN-g
and
IL
-
4
levels
were
determined
in
stimulated
spleen
cells
grown
in
cell
culture
systems
by
flow
cytometry
.
Toxoplasma
IgG
antibodies
were
only
detected
in
TAnkPE-Freund
group
.
IgG
1
and
IgG
2
a
responses
did
not
increase
in
any
vaccination
groups
and
there
was
not
any
polarization
towards
IgG
1
or
IgG
2
a
.
There
was
no
significant
increase
in
CD
8
/
CD
4
ratio
of
stimulated
spleen
cells
.
IFN-g
level
was
increased
in
only
TAnkPE-Freund
vaccination
group
,
however
IL
-
4
levels
were
increased
in
TAnkPE-Freund
,
TEgePE-Freund
and
TEgePE
groups
.
Our
data
showed
that
TAnkPE-Freund
vaccine
led
to
increase
in
IgG
and
IFN-g
responses
in
BALB
/
c
mice
,
however
,
tachyzoite
lysate
vaccines
developed
in
this
study
did
not
induce
sufficient
protective
immune
response
against
toxoplasmosis
.
Thus
,
use
of
specific
immunogenic
proteins
must
be
taken
into
consideration
in
the
future
vaccine
development
studies
against
toxoplasmosis
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"differences in the specific immune response elicited by diverse t"
symptom
congenital toxoplasmosis
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