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Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy in an area with low seroprevalence: is prenatal screening still worthwhile?
[congenital toxoplasmosis]
The
effectiveness
of
Toxoplasma
gondii
(
Tg
)
screening
during
pregnancy
in
areas
with
a
low
prevalence
of
the
infection
is
debated
.
We
investigate
the
Tg
serological
status
,
the
rate
of
primary
infection
in
a
cohort
of
pregnant
women
and
the
rate
of
congenital
toxoplasmosis
among
their
infants
during
a
3
-
year
period
in
an
urban
area
with
low
Tg
prevalence
.
Demographic
and
Tg
serological
data
for
all
pregnant
women
delivering
from
January
2009
to
December
2011
were
collected
.
All
pregnant
women
with
primary
Tg
infection
during
pregnancy
and
their
infants
were
included
in
the
study
.
In
early
pregnancy
,
10
,
347
women
underwent
prenatal
screening
and
2308
(
22
.
3
%
)
had
anti-
Tg
.
The
seroprevalence
among
non-native
women
was
significantly
higher
than
that
among
native
women
[
32
.
8
%
vs
.
19
.
1
%
,
relative
risk
:
1
.
71
,
P
<
0
.
001
]
.
The
incidence
rate
of
primary
Tg
infection
during
pregnancy
was
0
.
77
%
.
Immigrant
women
were
more
likely
to
be
infected
during
pregnancy
than
Italian
women
(
relative
risk
:
4
.
88
,
P
<
0
.
001
)
.
Tg
infection
was
more
frequent
in
women
coming
from
Africa
,
Asia
,
Eastern
Europe
and
South
America
.
The
CT
incidence
rate
was
0
.
06
%
.
All
congenitally
infected
infants
were
born
to
immigrant
mothers
.
Tg
infection
during
pregnancy
and
congenital
disease
are
more
frequent
in
non-native
mothers
and
their
infants
.
Measures
to
prevent
Tg
exposition
must
be
carefully
explained
to
pregnant
women
,
with
a
focus
on
specific
habits
in
non-native
women
.
Prenatal
screening
is
still
effective
to
select
women
for
prenatal
therapy
aiming
to
decrease
vertical
transmission
and
to
identify
foetuses
/
newborns
with
congenital
disease
that
could
benefit
from
pre
/
postnatal
antiparasitic
therapy
.