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Survey of the bp/tee genes from clinical Group A Streptococcus isolates in New Zealand - implications for vaccine development.
[acute rheumatic fever]
Group
A
Streptococcus
(
GAS
)
is
responsible
for
a
wide
range
of
diseases
ranging
from
superficial
infections
,
such
as
pharyngitis
and
impetigo
to
life-threatening
diseases
like
toxic
shock
syndrome
and
acute
rheumatic
fever
(
ARF
)
.
GAS
pili
are
hair
-like
extensions
protruding
from
the
cell
surface
and
consist
of
highly
immunogenic
structural
proteins
;
the
backbone
pilin
(
BP
)
and
one
or
two
accessory
pilins
(
AP
1
and
AP
2
)
.
The
protease-resistant
BP
builds
the
pilus
shaft
and
has
been
recognised
as
the
T
-
antigen
,
which
forms
the
basis
of
a
major
serological
typing
scheme
that
is
often
used
as
a
supplement
to
M-
typing
.
A
previous
sequence
analysis
of
the
bp
gene
(
tee
gene
)
in
39
GAS
isolates
revealed
15
different
bp
/
tee
types
.
In
this
study
,
we
sequenced
the
bp
/
tee
gene
from
101
GAS
isolates
obtained
from
patients
with
pharyngitis
,
ARF
or
invasive
disease
in
New
Zealand
.
We
found
20
new
bp
/
tee
alleles
and
4
new
bp
/
tee
types
/
subtypes
.
No
association
between
bp
/
tee
type
and
clinical
outcome
was
observed
.
We
confirmed
earlier
reports
that
emm-
type
and
tee-
type
are
strongly
associated
,
but
we
also
found
exceptions
,
where
multiple
tee-
type
can
be
found
in
certain
M
/
emm
type
strains
,
such
as
M
/
emm
89
.
We
also
report
,
for
the
first
time
,
the
existence
of
a
chimeric
bp
/
tee
allele
,
which
was
assigned
into
a
new
subclade
(
bp
/
tee
5
.
1
)
.
A
strong
sequence
conservation
of
the
bp
/
tee
gene
was
observed
within
the
individual
bp
/
tee
types
/
subtypes
(
>
97
%
sequence
identity
)
,
as
well
as
between
historical
and
contemporary
New
Zealand
,
and
international
GAS
strains
.
This
temporal
and
geographical
sequence
stability
provides
further
evidence
for
the
potential
use
of
the
BP
/
T
-
antigen
as
a
vaccine
target
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"first time"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alpha-thalassemia
aniridia
aromatase deficiency
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
classical phenylketonuria
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital toxoplasmosis
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentin dysplasia
dentinogenesis imperfecta
dracunculiasis
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
harlequin ichthyosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
holt-oram syndrome
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
malignant atrophic papulosis
megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
omenn syndrome
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
phenylketonuria
primary effusion lymphoma
primary hyperoxaluria type 1
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
triple a syndrome
trochlear dysplasia
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
zellweger syndrome
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