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Reference ranges for 2-dimensional sonographic lung measurements in healthy fetuses: a longitudinal study.
[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
establish
reference
ranges
for
2
-
dimensional
sonographic
measurements
of
fetal
lungs
from
longitudinal
data
.
A
total
of
214
fetal
lung
measurements
were
longitudinally
evaluated
in
62
healthy
fetuses
between
20
and
36
weeks
'
menstrual
age
.
Both
right
and
left
lung
areas
were
measured
in
the
heart
4
-
chamber
view
using
lung
area
tracing
and
axis
diameter
methods
.
Multilevel
modeling
was
used
to
evaluate
the
expected
values
and
variability
with
respect
to
menstrual
age
and
to
generate
reference
ranges
for
the
lung
area
,
lung
-
to
-
head
ratio
,
quantitative
lung
index
,
and
observed
-
to
-expected
lung
-
to
-
head
ratio
for
both
lungs
.
The
expected
values
varied
with
menstrual
age
for
all
parameters
.
Variance
was
menstrual
age
dependent
for
all
parameters
except
the
longest
diameter
area
measurements
and
their
lung
-
to
-
head
ratios
.
Models
are
presented
for
expected
2
-
dimensional
sonographic
lung
size
parameters
and
their
variance
as
a
function
of
menstrual
age
.
These
data
have
been
used
to
generate
age-
specific
reference
ranges
for
both
measurements
and
indices
.